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List of movements/Political Parties/Malaysia: Difference between revisions

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==Dewan Rakyat (WIP)==
==Dewan Rakyat (WIP)==
=== Current ===
=== Current ===
* [[File:UMNO-Socdem.png]] [[Paternalistic Conservatism|Dato' Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Bera)
 
==== Perlis ====
 
* [[File:Muslim 2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Dato' Seri Dr. Shahidan Kassim]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN, Arau)
 
==== Kedah ====
 
==== Penang ====
 
* [[File:LimGuanEng.png]] [[Multiculturalism|Joseph Lim Guan Eng]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Bagan)<ref>Nicknamed "Nobita" (from a Japanese manga series Doraemon) by then opposition Barisan Nasional in Parliamentary session due to his resemblance in hairstyle and glasses. </ref>
* [[File:DAP(Malaysia).png]] [[Multiculturalism|Chow Kon Yeo]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Tanjong)
 
==== Perak ====
 
* [[File:Honk.png]] [[Satirism|David Nga Kor Ming]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Teluk Intan)
* [[File:Muslim_2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy| Datuk Ustaz Haji Idris Ahmad]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PAS, Bagan Serai)
*[[File:Islamic Democracy.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-PKR, Tambun)
*[[File:UMNO-klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy|Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Bagan Datuk)
 
==== Selangor ====
 
* [[File:MatSabu.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Mohamad Sabu]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-AMANAH, Kota Raja)
 
==== Federal Territories ====
 
* [[File:KakWan.png]] [[Reformism|Dato' Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-PKR, Bandar Tun Razak)
* [[File:Libfem.png]] [[Liberal Feminism|Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Segambut)
 
==== Negeri Sembilan ====
 
* [[File:DAP(Malaysia).png]] [[Multiculturalism|Anthony Loke Siew Fook]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Seremban)
* [[File:Corp.png]] [[Corporatocracy|Dato' Seri Utama Haji Mohamad bin Haji Hasan]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Rembau)
 
==== Melaka ====
 
==== Johor ====
 
* [[File:Mahiaddin.png]] [[Authoritarian Conservatism|Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PPBM, Pagoh)
* [[File:Mahiaddin.png]] [[Authoritarian Conservatism|Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PPBM, Pagoh)
* [[File:Kak.png]] [[Kakistocracy|Wan Ahmad Fayhsal Wan Ahmad Kamal]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PAS, Machang)
*[[File:Honk.png]] [[Satirism|David Nga Kor Ming]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Teluk Intan)
*[[File:SyedSaddiq.png]] [[Multiculturalism|Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman]] ([[File:Muda.png]] MUDA, Muar)
*[[File:SyedSaddiq.png]] [[Multiculturalism|Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman]] ([[File:Muda.png]] MUDA, Muar)
*[[File:MCA.png]] [[Conservatism|Datuk Seri Ir. Dr. Wee Ka Siong]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-MCA, Ayer Hitam)
*[[File:MCA.png]] [[Conservatism|Datuk Seri Ir. Dr. Wee Ka Siong]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-MCA, Ayer Hitam)
*[[File:DAP(Malaysia).png]] [[Multiculturalism|Anthony Loke Siew Fook]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Seremban)
*[[File:MCA.png]] [[Conservatism|Dato' Sri Dr. Wee Jeck Seng]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-MCA, Tanjong Piai)
*[[File:UMNO-klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy|Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Bagan Datuk)
 
*[[File:Native.png]] [[Indigenism|Dato' Ramli Mohd Nor]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Cameron Highlands)
==== Pahang ====
*[[File:Libfem.png]] [[Liberal Feminism|Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Segambut)
 
*[[File:DAP(Malaysia).png]] [[Multiculturalism|Chow Kon Yeo]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Tanjong)
* [[File:UMNO-Socdem.png]] [[Paternalistic Conservatism|Dato' Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Bera)
*[[File:MatSabu.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Mohamad Sabu]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-AMANAH, Kota Raja)
* [[File:Native.png]] [[Indigenism|Dato' Ramli Mohd Nor]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Cameron Highlands)
*[[File:LimGuanEng.png]] [[Multiculturalism|Joseph Lim Guan Eng]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-DAP, Bagan)<ref>Nicknamed "Nobita" (from a Japanese manga series Doraemon) by then opposition Barisan Nasional in Parliamentary session due to his resemblance in hairstyle and glasses. </ref>
 
*[[File:Muslim_2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Tan Sri Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PAS, Marang)
==== Kelantan ====
*[[File:Muslim_2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy| Datuk Ustaz Haji Idris Ahmad]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PAS, Bagan Serai)
 
*[[File:Islamic Democracy.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-PKR, Tambun)
* [[File:Kak.png]] [[Kakistocracy|Wan Ahmad Fayhsal Wan Ahmad Kamal]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PAS, Machang)
*[[File:KakWan.png]] [[Reformism|Dato' Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail]] ([[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-PKR, Bandar Tun Razak)
 
==== Terengganu ====
 
* [[File:Muslim_2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Tan Sri Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang]] ([[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PAS, Marang)
 
==== Sarawak ====
 
* [[File:Confem-alt.png]] [[Conservative Feminism|Dato' Sri Hajah Nancy Shukri]] ([[File:GabunganPartiSarawak.png]] GPS-PBB, Santubong)
*[[File:Fed.png]] [[Federalism|Dato' Sri Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof]] ([[File:GabunganPartiSarawak.png]] GPS-PBB, Petra Jaya)
 
==== Sabah ====
*[[File:UMNO-klep.png]] [[National Capitalism|Datuk Seri]] [[Kleptocracy|Panglima Bung Moktar Radin]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Kinabatangan)<ref>Bung Mokhtar was corrupt, apart from his controversial remarks which inlude [praising Hitler https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28227713], sexist remarks and vulgarity in Parliament</ref>
*[[File:UMNO-klep.png]] [[National Capitalism|Datuk Seri]] [[Kleptocracy|Panglima Bung Moktar Radin]] ([[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO, Kinabatangan)<ref>Bung Mokhtar was corrupt, apart from his controversial remarks which inlude [praising Hitler https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28227713], sexist remarks and vulgarity in Parliament</ref>
*[[File:Confem-alt.png]] [[Conservative Feminism|Dato' Sri Hajah Nancy Shukri]] ([[File:GabunganPartiSarawak.png]] GPS-PBB, Santubong)
*[[File:Fed.png]] [[Federalism|Dato' Sri Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof]] ([[File:GabunganPartiSarawak.png]] GPS-PBB, Petra Jaya)


===Former===
===Former===
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*[[File:Muslim_2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Tan Sri Dato' Seri Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang]] (2002-04, [[File:PAS.png]] PAS)
*[[File:Muslim_2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Tan Sri Dato' Seri Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang]] (2002-04, [[File:PAS.png]] PAS)
*[[File:KakWan.png]] [[Islamic Feminism|Dato' Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail]] (2008; 2015-18, [[File:PKR.png]] PKR)
*[[File:KakWan.png]] [[Islamic Feminism|Dato' Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail]] (2008; 2015-18, [[File:PKR.png]] PKR)
*[[File:Islamic Democracy.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim]] (2008-15; 2020-present, [[File:PKR.png]] PKR)
*[[File:Islamic Democracy.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim]] (2008-15; 2020-22, [[File:PKR.png]] PKR)
*[[File:UMNO-klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy|Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]] (2018-19, [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO)
*[[File:UMNO-klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy|Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]] (2018-19, [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO)
*[[File:UMNO-Socdem.png]] [[Paternalistic Conservatism|Dato' Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob]] (2019-20, [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO)
*[[File:UMNO-Socdem.png]] [[Paternalistic Conservatism|Dato' Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob]] (2019-20, [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO)
*[[File:Mahiaddin.png]] [[Authoritarian Conservatism|Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin]] (2022(TBA), [[File:Perikatan Nasional.png]] PN-PPBM)


==Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers (WIP)==
==Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers (WIP)==
===[[File:Cball-Perlis.png]] Perlis===
===[[File:Cball-Perlis.png]] Perlis===
* [[File:Muslim 2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Dato' Seri Dr. Shahidan Kassim]] (1995-2008, [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO)
=== Kedah===
=== Kedah===
*[[File:Plutocrat.png]] [[Plutocracy|Dato' Seri Utama Mukhriz Mahathir]] (2013-2016, [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO; 2018-2020, [[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-PPBM)
*[[File:Plutocrat.png]] [[Plutocracy|Dato' Seri Utama Mukhriz Mahathir]] (2013-2016, [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO; 2018-2020, [[File:Pakatan Harapan.png]] PH-PPBM)
Line 801: Line 847:


* [[File:Mediastocracy_flair.png]] [[Mediacracy|Tan Sri Dato' Seri Utama Dr. Rais bin Yatim]] (1978-1982,  [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO)
* [[File:Mediastocracy_flair.png]] [[Mediacracy|Tan Sri Dato' Seri Utama Dr. Rais bin Yatim]] (1978-1982,  [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO)
* [[File:Corp.png]] [[Corporatocracy|Dato' Seri Utama Haji Mohamad bin Haji Hasan]] (2004-2018, [[File:Barisan Nasional.png]] BN-UMNO)


===Melaka===
===Melaka===

Revision as of 15:43, 8 December 2022

Political Parties

Parliamentary

Government

Opposition

Extraparliamentary

Previously Represented in Dewan Rakyat

De jure they still exist, but de facto they're irrelevant and everyone has already forgot (or at least a few of them remembered) about them.


Historical

Malayan Union (1946-1948)

During the Malayan Union years, most left-wing socialist parties (including civic nationalist factions) were in favour of the establishment of the Malayan Union, while right-wing ethnic nationalists and monarchists were against the formation of Malayan Union, due to the methods Sir Harold MacMichael used to acquire the Sultans' approval and the implementation of jus soli citizenship.

In Favour:

Against:

Federation of Malaya (1948-1963)

Think Tanks

Youth Wings

Social and Political Movements

Ongoing

Historical

  • Naning Conflict (1831-1832)
  • Mat Salleh Rebellion (1894-1905)
  • Kelantan Rebellion (1915)
  • Terengganu Insurgency (1922-1928)
  • Anti-Malayan Union protests (1946-1947)
  • Anti-cession movement of Sarawak (1946-1950)
    • Rukun Tiga Belas (1947-1950)

Heads of States

Only the most significant sultans are included, and bold indicates the monarch held the title Yang Di-Pertuan Agong.

List of Maharajas (Emperors) of the Srivijayan Empire

List of Sultans of the Melaka Sultanate

Singapura-Melaka Dynasty

List of Sultans of the Perak Sultanate

Melaka-Perak Dynasty

Siak Dynasty

List of Sultans of the Johor Sultanate

Melaka-Johor Dynasty

Bendahara Dynasty

Temmengong Dynasty

List of Sultans of the Terengganu Sultanate

Telanai Dynasty

  • Raja Mandalika
  • Sri Akar Diraja
  • Tun Telanai Diraja

Megat Dynasty

Bendahara Dynasty

List of Sultans of the Pahang Sultanate

  • Maharaja Tajau
  • Parameswara Telok Chini
  • Maharaja Dewa Sura
  • Panglima Perang, Seri Bija di-Raja

Melaka-Pahang Dynasty

  • Sultan Abdul Ghafar
  • Sultan Abdul Ghafar's son (Name unknown)

Bendahara Dynasty

  • Sultan Ahmad Shah (1980-2020)
  • Sultan Abdullah (2020-present)

List of Sultans of the Kelantan Sultanate

Iskandar Dynasty

Jembal Dynasty

Long Yunus Dynasty

  • Long Yunus
  • Tengku Muhammad (Yang Di-Pertuan)
  • Sultan Muhammad I
  • Long Zainal (Yang Di-Pertuan)
  • Sultan Muhammad III
  • Sultan Mansor
  • Sultan Muhammad IV
  • Sultan Yahya Petra
  • Sultan Ismail Petra
  • Sultan Muhammad V (2010-present)

List of Rajas of Perlis

Jamalullail Dynasty

List of Sultans of Kedah Sultanate

Mahawangsa Dynasty

List of Yamtuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan

Pagar Ruyung Dynasty

  • Yamtuan Melewar
  • Yamtuan Hitam
  • Yamtuan Lenggang
  • Yamtuan Radin
  • Yamtuan Imam
  • Yamtuan Antah of Seri Menanti
  • Tuanku Muhammad of Seri Menanti
  • Tuanku Abul Rahman
  • Tuanku Munawir
  • Tuanku Ja'afar
  • Tuanku Muhriz

List of Sultans of Selangor Sultanate

Opu Daeng Celak Dynasty

Lists of Governors of Penang

No Name Term Political Affilation Notes
1 Raja Tun Uda Al-Haj bin Raja Muhammad 1957-1967 Independent Initially there was a plan to appoint state Governors of Malay descent if the Chief Minister is of Malaysian Chinese descent and vice versa, but later abandoned. Former Menteri Besar of Selangor.
2
3

Lists of Governors of Melaka

No Name Term Political Affilation Notes
1 Tun Leong Yew Koh 1957-1959 MCA,

Parti Perikatan

Initially there was a plan to appoint state Governors of Malaysian Chinese descent if the Chief Minister is of Malay descent and vice versa, but later abandoned. Resigned after being appointed Minister of Justice in 1959.
2 Tun Dato' Maha Kurnia Abdul Malek bin Yusuf 1959-1971 Independent Former Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan
3 Tun Dr Haji Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid 1971-1975 UMNO,

Parti Perikatan/

Barisan Nasional

Former Menteri Besar of both Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, the only politician to hold the position of head of governments of two different states.
4 Tun Syed Zahiruddin bin Syed Hassan 1975-1984 Independent One of the Orang Besar Empat Perak, a nobility title in the State of Perak
5 Tun Datuk Seri Utama Syed Ahmad bin Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin 1984-2004 UMNO,

Barisan Nasional

Former Menteri Besar of Kedah, Currently the longest-serving Governor of Melaka.
6 Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd Khalil bin Yaakob 2004-2020 Former Menteri Besar of Pahang and former Minister of Information
7 Tun Seri Setia (Dr) Haji Mohd Ali bin Mohd Rustam 2020-present Former Chief Minister of Melaka

Lists of Governors of Sabah

No Name Term Political Affilation Notes
1
2
3

Lists of Governors of Sarawak

No Name Term Political Affilation Notes
1
2
3 Tun Pehin Sri Datuk Patinggi Abang Haji Muhammad Salahuddin bin Abang Barieng 1977-1981, 2001-2014 Independent The first Yang di-Pertua Negeri to serve twice as governor of Sarawak state.
4
5
6 Tun Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud 2014-present Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu Former Chief Minister of Sarawak

Head of Government

Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya

No Name Term of Office Political Affilation Note
1 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj 1955-1957 UMNO, Parti Perikatan Position abolished following independence of Federation of Malaya

List of Prime Ministers

No Name Term of Office Political Affilation Note
1 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj 1957-1970 UMNO,

Parti Perikatan

Position established.
2 Tun Abdul Razak Hussein 1970-1976 UMNO,

Parti Perikatan/

Barisan Nasional

Former Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak Hussein was a Social Democrat as he was once a member of the British Labour Party during his studies in the UK. Died in office.
3 Tun Hussein Onn 1976-1981 UMNO,

Barisan Nasional

Resigned due to health concerns
4 Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad 1981-2003 Currently the only prime minister who served two terms in two different political affilations.
2018-2020 PPBM,

Pakatan Harapan

5 Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 2003-2009 UMNO,

Barisan Nasional

Resigned
6 Dato' Seri Najib Abdul Razak 2009-2018 Resigned after facing defeat in the 2018 elections
7 Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin 2020-2021 PPBM,

Perikatan Nasional

Resigned after loss of confidence
8 Dato' Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob 2021-2022 UMNO,

Barisan Nasional

Resigned after facing defeat in the 2022 elections
9 Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim 2022- PKR,

Pakatan Harapan

Incumbent

List of Acting Prime Ministers

Note: This list does not include interim or caretaker prime ministers.

No Name Term of Office Political Affilation Incumbent Prime Minister
1 Tun Abdul Razak Hussein 1959 UMNO,

Parti Perikatan

Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj
2 Tun Dr. Ismail Abdul Rahman 1970 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj/

Tun Abdul Razak Hussein

3 Tun V.T. Sambanthan 1973 MIC,

Barisan Nasional

Tun Abdul Razak Hussein
4 Tun Dr. Ling Liong Sik 1988 MCA,

Barisan Nasional

Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
5 Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim 1997 UMNO,

Barisan Nasional

List of Deputy Prime Ministers

No Name Term of Office Political Affilation Prime Minister Note
1 Tun Abdul Razak Hussein 1957-1970 UMNO,

Parti Perikatan

Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj Succeeded as Prime Minister
2 Tun Dr. Ismail Abdul Rahman 1970-1973 UMNO,

Parti Perikatan/ Barisan Nasional

Tun Abdul Razak Hussein Died in office
3 Tun Hussein Onn 1973-1976 UMNO,

Barisan Nasional

Succeeded as Prime Minister
4 Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad 1976-1981 Tun Hussein Onn Succeeded as Prime Minister
5 Tun Musa Hitam 1981-1986 Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Resigned
6 Tun Abdul Ghafar Baba 1986-1993 Resigned
7 Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim 1993-1998 Removed from office after being accused and subsequently charged with corruption and sodomy in 1998
8 Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 1998-2003 Succeeded as Prime Minister
9 Dato' Seri Najib Abdul Razak 2003-2009 Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Succeeded as Prime Minister
10 Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin 2009-2015 Dato' Seri Najib Abdul Razak Removed from office
11 Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 2015-2018 Disqualified from office after facing defeat in 2018 General Elections.
2022- Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim Incumbent, representing Peninsular Malaysia
12 Dato' Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail 2018-2020 PKR,

Pakatan Harapan

Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Disqualified from office after the seventh Mahathir cabinet was dissolved
13 Dato' Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob 2021 UMNO,

Barisan Nasional

Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin Succeeded as Prime Minister
14 Dato' Sri Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof 2022- PBB, Gabungan Parti Sarawak Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim Incumbent, representing East Malaysia

Dewan Negara (WIP)

Current

Former

Dewan Rakyat (WIP)

Current

Perlis

Kedah

Penang

Perak

Selangor

Federal Territories

Negeri Sembilan

Melaka

Johor

Pahang

Kelantan

Terengganu

Sarawak

Sabah

Former

List of Opposition Leaders

Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers (WIP)

Perlis

Kedah

Penang

Perak

Selangor

Negeri Sembilan

Melaka

Johor

Kelantan

Terengganu

Pahang

Sarawak

Sabah

Notes and References

*Denotes non-registered parties

  1. ↑ The Party was led by Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman, who is considered to be a potential successor of Mahathir Mohamad but chooses to split from PPBM after the Sheraton Move. Upon admission of Datin Dian Lee, daughter of tycoon Tan Sri Lee Kim Yew (one of Mahathir's close friends) into the party, journalists link the party with the said tycoon and Mahathir, however, the party members officially deny these connections.
  2. ↑ Known as the "Grand Old Party" of Malaysia, as most Malaysian political parties (PAS, PKR, PPBM) had origins from UMNO. However due to internal conflicts within the party, the original UMNO has been banned in 1988 by court order. The current UMNO was then registered as UMNO 'baru' at the same year.
  3. ↑ Student movements in Malaysia are mostly consisting of left-wing nationalists and populists, which traced its roots in the 1930s and reached its prominence since 1967. After the controversial amendment on the Universities and College Universities act in 1975 which curbs students' freedom and rights and also draconian in nature, student movements in Malaysia were declining until its re-emergence in the late 1990s due to the Reformasi movement.
  4. ↑ Prior to the Baling protests, the Communists under the disguise of "Young Socialists" had infiltrated the University of Malaya Chinese Language Society (UMCLS) in 1971 and communist links to the UMCLS was confirmed on Oct 14 1973 when security forces shot dead a communist terrorist near Tanah Hitam, Chemor in Perak and found a work report by a senior student underground movement leader to his superiors on the activities conducted by the UMCLS. UMCLS manipulation of the University of Malaya Students Union (UMSU) led to the Baling protests (later evolved into riots) in 1974
  5. ↑ Despite Melaka being an Islamic sultanate, Sultan Abu Syahid Shah was a practising Hindu as he took a Hindu title represented a traditionalist reaction in Malacca against Islam, the new religion.
  6. ↑ Raja Kecil was the first sultan of the Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura and claimed to be the illegitimate son of Sultan Mahmud Shah II
  7. ↑ Sultan Ali Shah was installed as Sultan of Terengganu by the Japanese Military Administration instead via the Dewan Pangkuan Diraja (Privy Council) which is against the Undang-undang Bagi Diri Kerajaan Terengganu, the state constitution, which he was later recognized by Plaek Phibulsongkram as Sultan of Terengganu during the Thai occupation of Terengganu. After WW2, he was forced to abdicate after his enthronement as Sultan of Terengganu was unconstitutional due to aforementioned reason.
  8. ↑ Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II did not reign between 1821-1842 due to Siamese Invasion of Kedah which ended with Siamese victory
  9. ↑ Currently the only Yang Di-Pertuan Agong to serve two terms in rotation system
  10. ↑ Nicknamed "Nobita" (from a Japanese manga series Doraemon) by then opposition Barisan Nasional in Parliamentary session due to his resemblance in hairstyle and glasses.
  11. ↑ Bung Mokhtar was corrupt, apart from his controversial remarks which inlude [praising Hitler https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28227713], sexist remarks and vulgarity in Parliament
  12. ↑ Due to Ibrahim Ali's frequent party-hopping during his tenure as Parliamentary member, he was later known as the "King of Frogs" (Raja Katak) by opponents

Notes

<notes />


zh:政治组织与运动列表/政党/马来西亚

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