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Religious Nationalism: Difference between revisions

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According to the two-nation theory, [[File:Cball-Pakistan.png]] Pakistani nationalism is very closely related to the Muslim heritage, the religion of Islam and Pan-Islamism. It is also associated with awareness as well as the expression of religious and ethnic influences that help shape national identity.
According to the two-nation theory, [[File:Cball-Pakistan.png]] Pakistani nationalism is very closely related to the Muslim heritage, the religion of Islam and Pan-Islamism. It is also associated with awareness as well as the expression of religious and ethnic influences that help shape national identity.


The [[File:Cball-Iran.png]] Iranian Revolution marks the beginning of [[File:Shia.png]] [[Shia Theocracy|Shia]] and Persian nationalism. [[File:Khom.png]] [[Khomeinism|Ayatollah Khomeini's]] anti-American, anti-communist and anti-Zionist views attract several European far-right movements (notably revolutionary nationalists) but worries the international community.
The [[File:Cball-Iran.png]] Iranian Revolution marks the beginning of [[File:Shia.png]] [[Shia Theocracy|Shia]] and Persian nationalism. [[File:Khom.png]] [[Khomeinism|Ayatollah Khomeini's]] anti-American, anti-communist and anti-Zionist views attract several European far-right movements (notably revolutionary nationalists) but worry the international community.


===[[File:HinduNat.png]] Hindu Nationalism===
===[[File:HinduNat.png]] Hindu Nationalism===

Revision as of 12:17, 31 May 2021

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Religious Nationalism is an ideology that incorporates religion into nationalism. It seeks to use a shared religion to unite people under a national identity. It typically holds reactionary and intolerant views towards members of other religions, but not always. Religious nationalism is compatible with practically any religion, including Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Hinduism, Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Christianity, Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Islam, Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Judaism, Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Buddhism, etc.

History and Variants

Ideologically driven religious nationalism may not necessarily be directed against other religions, but may be formulated in response to modernity and, in particular, as secular. The imbalance between religious and political aspects and, by appealing to national feelings, such as Islamic identity, as has often been the case in Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Pakistan and Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Indonesia, can lead to regional tensions.

In general, many types of nationalism carry religious aspects, but as a marker of group identity, not as an intrinsic motivation for nationalist claims.

Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Christian Nationalism

Christian nationalists are more focused on domestic politics, such as passing laws that reflect their view of Christianity. In the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination United States, Christian nationalism tends towards Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Conservatism. Characteristic radical forms of religious or church nationalism appeared in the right spectrum of the political field in various European countries, especially during the interwar period in the first half of the 20th century.

One of the most radical forms of Christian religious nationalism was Christoslavism, the belief that the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Slavs can be exclusively Christians, and if they abandon this religion, they cease to be Slavs. As an example, Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Bosniaks who converted to Islam were considered by the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Serbs as Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Turks. Christoslavism was used as an ideological justification for the persecution of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Bosniaks during the Yugoslav wars.

Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Islamic Nationalism

For a variant applied to Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Indonesia see: Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Pancasila

According to the two-nation theory, Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Pakistani nationalism is very closely related to the Muslim heritage, the religion of Islam and Pan-Islamism. It is also associated with awareness as well as the expression of religious and ethnic influences that help shape national identity.

The Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Iranian Revolution marks the beginning of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Shia and Persian nationalism. Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Ayatollah Khomeini's anti-American, anti-communist and anti-Zionist views attract several European far-right movements (notably revolutionary nationalists) but worry the international community.

Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Hindu Nationalism

Main article: Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Hindutva

Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Buddhist Nationalism

In the context of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Myanmar’s political opening since March 2011, Buddhist activism has made headlines over the past two years due to outbreaks of communal violence across the country marked by religious difference, notably anti-Muslim, that threaten to derail Myanmar’s once-promising transition. Many see a connection between these violent episodes and the rise of new Buddhist networks and organizations, including the 969 movement and the Patriotic Association of Myanmar. [1]

Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism is influenced by Sinhalese Buddhist mytho-history that was deployed by monks and politicians in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries to assert that Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Sri Lanka is the designated sanctuary for Theravada Buddhism, belongs to Sinhalese Buddhists, and Tamils and others live there only due to Sinhalese Buddhist sufferance. This ideology has enabled majority superordination, minority subordination, and a separatist war waged by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). [2]

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  1. ↑ https://www.politics.ox.ac.uk/research-projects/understanding-buddhist-nationalism-in-myanmar-religion-gender-identity-and-conflict-in-a-political-transition.html
  2. ↑ https://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/sinhalese-buddhist-nationalist-ideology-implications-politics-and-conflict-resolution-s

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