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Revision as of 04:56, 28 March 2023

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Volkism is a culturally far-right, totalitarian, and ethnonationalist ideology that is based around the Völkisch movement. It has ideas about German ethnonationalism, such as anti-Semitism, that would be implemented by Hitler and the Nazi Party under National Socialism . This ideology has influenced Positive Christianity.


History

Before WWI

The Völkisch movement emerged in the late 19th century, drawing inspiration from German Romanticism and the history of the Holy Roman Empire, and what many saw as its harmonious pecking order. The delayed unification of the German-speaking peoples under a single German Reich in the 19th century is cited as conducive to the emergence of the Völkisch movement. Thus, faced with political and economic developments in Germany during this period, a certain number of thinkers took refuge in nostalgia for a mythified and magnified past. These thinkers attempt to resurrect a historical moment in which the Völk was united and not divided into multiple social categories. The German Empire, to them, does not meet these expectations, because it is not turned towards the return to rural areas, but is moving towards industrialization and its economic and social corollaries. Paul de Lagarde in particular proclaims himself the main adversary of Bismarck, of the "attrophied" newly unified state and of parliamentarism. He aspires to the creation of an imperial pomp, with the creation of a secret emperor, endowed with the attributes of Luther and Frederick Barbarossa, who would be both an enlightened legislator and Führer of the people, but who would in no way be a representative of the Prussian dynasty. The völkisch movement started penetratiing universities, where History was being sifted through its ideology.

After WWI

During the early years of the Weimar Republic, the number of disparate organizations affiliated with Völkism initially grew significantly, allowing for the election to parliament of its most prominent members. These associations set up a selection on racial criteria at the entrance. However, from 1924-1925, because of its structural deficiencies, the movement would find itself gradually sidelined from politics by the NSDAP, which became, alongside the German National People's Party (DNPV), the new echo chamber of the radical right. Its influence nevertheless remains strong on whole sections of German society, in particular through its influence in schools, especially in university. Competition for positions between Jewish and non-Jewish academics heightens tensions; and, resuming pre-war practices, the student associations systematically excluded Jewish students from their ranks. In 1931, the Reich and Austria experienced massively followed anti-Semitic riots on their campuses, and in 1932 some universities excluded all Jewish teachers from their staff.

Christian movements close to paganism also became enthusiastic about the völkisch movement, which served as the basis for the development of Nazism. During the 20s, a number of political parties expressly affiliated themselves to the völkisch movement and managed, during local elections, to have some of their representatives elected in the Landtäge of the federated states within the Reich. The NSDAP then tried to profile itself as the driving force of the völkisch movement in order to put forward its vision of the world. Thus, in Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler writes: "The National Socialist German Workers' Party derives the essential characteristics of a völkisch conception of the universe" and "today all associations, all groups, large and small — and, in my opinion, even 'big parties' — lay claim to the word völkisch". The Nazi Party, initially itself a small völkisch group, bought the newspaper of the völkisch movement in 1920 to make it its official press organ.

Nazi period

Marginalized from the mid-1920s within the Nazi party, the less prominent völkisch ideologues were then expelled from the party. If from 1933 the remaining organizations and their leaders were either absorbed by the Nazi organizations, or else dissolved, notably within the SS, the ideas of the völkisch movement were still disseminated at the highest level of the State.

Post-1945, isolated attempts to launch an organizational renaissance did not meet with any success, except marginally through small movements belonging to neopaganism and völkisch religious movements such as the Deutschgläubige Gemeinschaft or the Germanische Glaubensgemeinschaft.

German Fascism/Dickelism

German Fascism/Dickelism is based on the thoughts of German political figure Otto Dickel, who founded one of the many sub-groups who found themselves affiliated within the Völkisch movement. While this made him involved in the völkisch movement, he was only a secondary figure among many other more decisive regarding the movement's history and ideological corpus. Thus his beliefs can't be taken as representative of völkism as a whole.

He was born in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany on June 5th 1880 to Ferdinand Dickel who is a teacher while also a beekeeper but through his studies of natural sciences, Otto Dickel came to Munich, Bavaria but then travelled to China along with India for study purposes and through his father he came into contact with beekeeping while doing several writings about it.

In 1904, Otto Dickel studied at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in which he received his doctorate with a dissertation on developmental studies about bee eggs but then in 1909, during the summer he accepted a position at the Royal High School in Augsburg as a certified teacher candidate in which he was to hold physical education classes for the entire school as an assistant but then later as a high school physical education teacher and in 1914, he joined the "Imperial German Army" during World War One (1914-1918) but he was only able to teach his actual specialty about the natural sciences shortly after his return from the war.

In 1921, Otto Dickel was a early member of the "National Socialist German Workers' Party" (NSDAP) lead by Adolf Hitler before this year has happened but then early in this year he published an Anti-Spengler aka Anti-Prussian Socialist book called "Die Auferstehung Des Abendlandes" and in March 1921, he founded a Fascist political party called the "Völkisch Work Community" from 1921 to 1933 as he connected social or life reform Ideas with concepts of land reform with Adolf Damaschke while at the same time Dickel wanted a one state use order of a legal system according to Germanic nature even he had good relationships with rather National Bolshevik like minded Augsburg trade union circles.

In June 1921, Adolf Hitler travelled at Berlin to raise funds for the "National Socialist German Workers' Party" (NSDAP) but in Munich, Otto Dickel entered at the political invitation as a speaker even he met with a very positive response but then in July 10th 1921, National Socialists from Munich along with the representatives from Nuremberg to met with Dickel as well as the members of the "Völkisch Work Community" to discuss a possible merger with the "German Socialist Party" lead by Julius Streicher into one united political party but surprisingly Hitler came to the conference while he declared his departure from his own political party the following day even himself acted in affect because he feared that his rank would be lost within the party.

Adolf Hitler's re-entry to the "National Socialist German Workers' Party" (NSDAP)) with far reaching demands for dictatorial powers able to prevent the political party from turning its programmatically while Dietrich Eckart mediated but then in September 1921, Otto Dickel was kicked out of the party as Hitler accused him of being an enemy of National Socialism and in 1922/1923, Dickel along with Ludwig Herpel was one of the spiritual fathers of the compensation fund idea in which he published in the winter of 1922/23.

Otto Dickel spoke of the need for the revival creation of a Greater German nation as well as German Culture along with Western Culture while need to abandon what he saw as a cowardly contemporary culture in which he says in his book called "The Resurgence Of The West" "Many a time acquaintances have told me that I see the world differently from them. That is true. Who sees it correctly? Men of science with their mechanistic thinking will certainly attack me will carp and criticize, will discover some errors and ridicule me. Let them. But if in the immediate future, perhaps even before this book is published events take place in Russia as I have foretold, if social ferment begins in France, which is heading for the most uncompromising imperialism, and, as I fear, in England too, if the German people, overwhelmed by despair, is gripped by the irresistible force of the national resurgence, then I can only wish it be men who see as I so. Men who comprehend the meaning of the world war and of contemporary events and through their bold action create a free German people on its own soil" and then he says "The perfection of Western culture is eminent. The great creative spirit which smooths its path will come because its hour approaches. It will prevail. For the German people will understand it, follow it loyally to the bitter end, because it is a healthy and vital people. Come what may, there is one thing no one must let himself be robbed of without sacrificing himself: the faith in the German people in its world-historical task, and its fortune!".

In 1926, a garden culture settlement called Thickel Bog/Dickelsmoor in the northeast of Augsburg was owned by the members of "Völkisch Work Community" lead by Otto Dickel after it has been founded while he was a follower of the ergocratic Idea along with wanted a free innocent home or a Injection material which is the national nutrition on its own plaice should ensure and the garden culture settlement should be a model of Dickel's settlement program for people with German-blooded descent while not infiltrated with Jewish people.

According to Otto Dickel's ideas he wanted free innocent homes that should be created on the wet meadows to offer people a livelihood free of the constraints of financial industry with settlement for little gardeners or small animal breeders south of Augsburg airfield in the meantime while a small settlement area with about 40 residential buildings or villas has been created and the hotel Fasanenhof a with beer garden along with living pheasants no longer exists but today there are horse stables in addition to trout farming.

The garden culture settlement was founded five years ago for economically peaceful cooperation with the entrepreneurs that against the alleged rule of the Jewish people and two years later the community in Augsburg was stronger than the "National Socialist German Workers' Party" (NSDAP) even deprived it of members.

Otto Dickel in over time would gradually drift away from his economic views until in 1930 he had become a proponent of Laissez-Faire Capitalism but then in 1931, he set up a practical implementation of this cashless clearing system based interest-free Loans that took place in Rendsburg, Schleswig-Holstein while the compensation fund has led to the establishment of a large number of other compensation funds along with similar systems in the entire Reich area at that time and in 1934, the compensation funds were banned by the law against the abuse of cashless payments in Nazi Germany.

In October 1934, Otto Dickel was arrested while two months later with Otto Strasser before the "People's Court" (VGH) was accused in which lead to a ten-month imprisonment but then in February 1936, he was able to return to the secondary school as a teacher but was transferred to Hof, Bavaria a month later however he did not take up the job in because he retired early in this year while in 1939, at the beginning at World War Two (1939-1945) he moved near to Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg in which he found contact with opposition circles but after a meeting with like-minded people in Karlsruhe he as been visited by the Gestapo to be arrested and in June 15th 1944, he committed suicide.

Otto Dickel had a son named Gerhard Dickel who was a physicochemist while he was a co-inventor of the Clusius-Dickel Separation release tube and in 2011, the district Aichach-Friedberg published about the already known garden culture settlement Thickel Bog/Dickelsmoor.

Beliefs

The völkisch movement was a nationalist and racialist movement in Germany in the 19th and 20th centuries which was no homogeneous set of beliefs, and can't be equated with those of particular individuals involved in the movement. In paticular, völkism doesn't have a specific set of economic beliefs and therefore cannot be considered as third-positionist. However some broadly common points can be found.

"Völk"

According to German nation theorists, the term "Volk" (meaning "people" in German) referred to a higher entity, such as nature or the universe, and was linked to a specific territory, history and landscape. Völkism supported the idea of a social hierarchy based on the depth of each individual's connection to the "Volksgeist" (the spirit or soul of the people).

Obsession for germanic roots

Völkism is interested in the history and roots of Germany and Germans. They believed in the purity of the Germanic "race" and relied on anthropology and philology to support this belief. They also saw racial purity as crucial to Germany's survival. Finally, some völkisch thinkers were interested in Germany's medieval history and wanted modern Germany to be inspired by it.

The Reich surrounded by ennemies

Völkism perceives the world to be populated by enemies and believed that Germany had to deal with this growing hostility. They analyzed the period preceding the First World War and some followers attributed the causes of the conflict to the decision of William II not to renew the reinsurance treaty - Bismarck's attempt to continue to ally with Russia following the old agreement of the three emperors, while at the same time maintaining the Triple Alliance.

Antisemitism

Völkism perceived Jews as alien to the Volk and could be seen as uprooted or as conspirators against non-Jews. It supported the popular stereotype of Jews being portrayed as miserly, ambitious, envious, ugly, and devoid of humanity. For völkisch thinkers, the Jewish question was also a question of ethics, and some members of the movement supported the idea of the extermination of assimilated Jews as a step towards the realization of a continent-wide German national project.

Völkisch religion

Some in the völkisch movement sought to return to paganism or a form of neopaganism, inspired by ancient Germanic mythology. Others supported a völkisch version of Christianity, viewing Christ as an Aryan or descendant of Atlantean lineages established in Galilee. Some versions of this völkisch religion of Christianity presented the main episodes of the New Testament in a warrior form. Still others considered that the Bible contained a hidden teaching on the dangers of miscegenation for the vigor of the Aryan "race" and that this teaching was the foundation of the Aryan religion passed down from generation to generation by initiates such as Christ , the Templars and the Rusicruxians.

Rejection of modernity

Völkism rejects modernity, seen as responsible for Germany's decadence. This rejection of modernity is identifiable with a rejection of scientific materialism. Modernity is seen as harmful to the bonds between members of the Volk, leading Volkism to value German peasants, seen as untouched by it, considered close to the Volk's roots. Völkism also advocated for practices such as vegetarianism, alternative medicine and naturism.

Colonialism & Expansion

Völkism is favorable to the expansion of Germany in Europe, through the colonization of territories and the reunification of Germanic populations. Paul de Lagarde advocates the annexation of Austria and the colonization of Ukraine and the western margins of the Russian Empire. Julius Langbehn proposes the creation of a German space from Amsterdam to Riga. The aryosophists, around Guido von List, advocate the domination of the Germans over the world and the construction of a grand-Germanic state bringing together all the Germanic populations.

How to Draw

  1. Draw a ball with eyes.
  2. Draw a tricolour of Black-Red-Black.
  3. In the middle of the ball draw a white circle with a red border.
  4. In the middle of the white circle draw a Valknut.
Flag of Volkism

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