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List of movements/Political Parties/China

Mainland China

Historical

Hong Kong

Macau

Manchukuo (1932–1945)

List of Leaders

Rulers of Ancient China

Note: The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe (共和) regency. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute as the dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.

Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors（三皇五帝） (c. 3162 BC–c. 2070 BC)

Note: These figures are considered to be legendary and its authenticity are regarded as disputed.

Title Name by which most commonly known Reign (according to tradition) In Chinese
Huang1,4,5/Di3 Youchao 3162–2962 BC 有巢
Huang/Di3 Suiren 2962–2852 BC 燧人
Huang4/Di3 Fuxi 2852–2737 BC 伏羲
Huang1/Di1 Yan Emperor/Shennong 2737–2698 BC 炎帝 / 神農
Huang5/Di1,2 Yellow Emperor 2698–2598 BC 黃帝 / 軒轅
Di2 Shaohao 2597–2514 BC 少昊
Di1,2 Zhuanxu 2514–2436 BC 顓頊
Di1 Ku[2] 2436–2366 BC 帝嚳
Di1 Zhi 2366–2358 BC 帝摯
Di1 Yao (of Tang) 2356–2255 BC 帝堯 / 唐堯
Di1 Shun (of Yu) 2255–2208 BC 帝舜 / 虞舜

1 — According to the Records of the Grand Historian (史記).

2 — According to the Chu Ci (楚辭).

3 — According to the Book of Rites (禮記).

4 — According to the Shangshu dazhuan (尚書大傳) and Baihu tongyi (白虎通義).

5 — According to the Diwang shiji (帝王世紀)

Xia（夏） (c. 2070 BC – c. 1600 BC)

Shang（商）(c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC)

Zhou（周）(c. 1046 – 256 BC)

Western Zhou (西周) (c. 1046 – 771 BC)
Eastern Zhou (東周} (c. 771 – 256 BC)

Emperors of Imperial China (WIP)

Qin（秦）(221 – 206)

Han（漢）(202 BC – 9 AD; 25 – 220 AD)

Western Han (西漢) (202 BC – 9 AD)
Eastern Han (東漢) (25 – 220 AD)

Xin（新） (9 – 23 AD)

Cheng (成家) (25 – 36 AD)

Three Kingdoms（三國）(220 – 280)

Cao Wei（曹魏）(220 – 266)
Shu Han（蜀漢） (221 – 263)
Eastern Wu（東吳）(222 – 280)

Jin（晉) (266 – 420)

Western Jin (西晉) (266 – 316)
Eastern Jin (東晉) (317 – 420)

Sixteen Kingdoms（十六國）(304 – 439)

Han Zhao (漢趙) (304 – 329)
Northern Han (北漢) (304 – 318)
Former Zhao (前趙) (318 – 329)
Cheng Han (成漢) (304 – 347)
Cheng (成) (304 – 338)
Han (漢) (338 – 347)

Northern and Southern dynasties（南北朝）

Northern Qi（北齊）

Sui Dynasty（隋）

Tang Dynasty（唐）

Wuzhou Dynasty（武周）(690-705)

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms（五代十國）

Liao/Khitan Dynasty（遼/契丹）

Song Dynasty

Jin Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty (Khagan-Emperor of Mongol Empire)

Ming Dynasty（大明）

Name by which most commonly known Reign Temple name

(廟號)

Note
Hongwu Emperor 1368–1398 太祖
Yongle Emperor 1402–1424 成祖 / 太宗
Emperor Yingzong of Ming 1435–1449 and 1457–1464 英宗 The only Emperor of Ming Dynasty that ruled twice due to being captured by the Mongols after a failed military campaign in 1449 (which he was granted the title Taishang Huang (太上皇) in between 1449-1457), under both era names Zhengtong (正統) and Tianshun (天順)
Chenghua Emperor 1464–1487 憲宗
Hongzhi Emperor 1487–1505 孝宗
Chongzhen Emperor 1627–1644 思宗 / 毅宗 Died by suicide

Southern Ming Dynasty (南明)

The Southern Ming refers to the Ming loyalist regimes that existed in Southern China from 1644 to 1662. The regime was established by the princes of the already destroyed Ming dynasty. All of these monarchs had their regimes crushed by the Qing forces very quickly. Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) used the Ming dynasty's name and gathered forces before fleeing to Taiwan to establish the Kingdom of Tungking.

Name by which most commonly known Reign Temple name

(廟號)

Note
Hongguang Emperor 1644–1645 安宗 Captured and executed by Qing forces
Longwu Emperor 1645–1646 紹宗
Yongli Emperor 1646–1662 昭宗

Qing Dynasty[3]（大清）

Name by which most commonly known Reign Temple name

(廟號)

Note
Huang Taiji 1636–1643 太宗
Shunzhi Emperor 1643–1661 世祖
Kangxi Emperor 1661–1722 聖祖
Yongzheng Emperor 1722–1735 世宗
Qianlong Emperor 1735–1796 高宗 Abdicated and held the title Taishang Huang (太上皇) for three years until his death
Jiaqing Emperor 1796–1820 仁宗
Daoguang Emperor 1820–1850 宣宗
Xianfeng Emperor 1850–1861 文宗
Tongzhi Emperor 1861–1875 穆宗 De facto rule by regency of Empress Dowager Cixi. Possibly died due to Syphilis or Smallpox
Guangxu Emperor 1875–1908 德宗 De facto rule by regency of Empress Dowager Cixi. Poisoned to death by Empress Dowager Cixi
Xuantong Emperor/Puyi 1908–1912, 1917 恭宗 De facto ruled in a brief time in 1917 after the Manchu Restoration

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天國)

Name by which most commonly known Reign Notes
Hong Xiuquan 1851-1864
Hong Tianguifu 1864

Empire of China (中華帝國) (1915-1916)

A short-lived attempt by statesman and general Yuan Shikai who attempted to establish himself as emperor in 1915, but his rule was universally accepted as inauthentic. After 83 days, his reign ended.

Name by which most commonly known Reign Era name Notes
Yuan Shikai 1915-1916 洪憲

Notable Grand Chancellors（宰相）- WIP

Chancellors of Ancient China

Chancellors of Imperial China

Senior Grand Secretaries of Ming Dynasty[4]

Chief Councillors of Qing Dynasty[5]

Leaders of the Republic of China (1912-1949)

Presidents of the Provisional Government (1912-1913)

Presidents of the Beiyang Government (1912-1928) (WIP)

Chairmen of the Nationalist Government (1928-1947)

Emperor of Manchukuo

President of the Republic of China (1948-1949 de jure, in-exile in Taiwan Province de facto)

Paramount Leaders of the People's Republic of China (Since October 1, 1949)

List of Chinese Presidents

List of Chinese Premiers

Other High Ranking Chinese Politicians

Notes and References

zh:政治组织与运动列表/政党/中国

  1. ↑ All parties within the united front have to follow 'Socialism with Chinese characteristics'. Nonetheless they can hold platforms beside that.
  2. ↑ According to legends, Emperor Ku was said to be an inventor of musical instruments and composer of songs
  3. ↑ The Qing imperial family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅 Aixinjueluo), but it was not common Manchu practice to include the family or clan name in an individual's personal name.
  4. ↑ After the death of Hu Weiyong, the title of grand chancellor was abolished. The office of the Grand Secretariat assumed the de facto powers of the chancellery after the reign of the Hongwu Emperor.
  5. ↑ The Qing dynasty bureaucratic hierarchy did not contain a chancellor position. Instead, the duties normally assumed by a chancellor were entrusted to a series of formal and informal institutions, the most prominent of which was the Grand Council. Occasionally, one minister may held enough power in the government that he comes to be identified, figuratively, as the "chancellor".
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