Frankfurt School: Difference between revisions

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Frankfurt Socialism is ~~a sausage~~ an economically and culturally left, Marxist ideology based off The Frankfurt School and theorists associated with it. The Frankfurt School is a sociological-philosophical school of Neo-Marxist orientation. The original nucleus of this school, made up mostly of German philosophers and sociologists, emerged in 1923 in the environment of the newborn "Institute for Social Research" of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main In Germany, under the leadership of the Marxist historian Carl Grünberg.

When Hitler came to power the Frankfurt School was put in exile. 16 years later, the Frankfurt School would come back and the institute moved to Geneva (in Switzerland). The Frankfurt school perspective is based upon Marxist, Freudian and Hegelian premises of Idealism. To fill the omissions of 19th-century classical Marxism, which did not address 20th-century social problems, they applied the methods of antipositivist sociology, of psychoanalysis, and of existentialism. While some theorists of the institute remained in the USA, the Frankfurt School was re-established in West Germany, Frankfurt.

Critical theory

The works of the Frankfurt School are understood in the context of the intellectual and practical objectives of critical theory. Max Horkheimer defined critical theory as social critique meant to effect sociologic change and realize intellectual emancipation, by way of enlightenment that is not dogmatic in its assumptions. Critical theory analyzes the true significance of the ruling understandings (the dominant ideology) generated in bourgeois society in order to show that the dominant ideology misrepresents how human relations occur in the real world and how capitalism justifies and legitimates the domination of people.

Unlike Orthodox Marxism, which applies a template to critique and to action, critical theory is self-critical, with no claim to the universality of absolute truth. As such, it does not grant primacy to matter (materialism) or consciousness (idealism), because each epistemology distorts the reality under study to the benefit of a small group. In practice, critical theory is outside the philosophical strictures of traditional theory; however, as a way of thinking and of recovering humanity's self-knowledge, critical theory draws investigational resources and methods from Marxism.

Dialetics

The Frankfurt School reformulated dialectics into a concrete method of investigation, derived from the Hegelian philosophy that an idea will pass over into its own negation, as the result of conflict between the inherently contradictory aspects of the idea. In opposition to previous modes of reasoning, which viewed things in abstraction, each by itself and as though endowed with fixed properties, Hegelian dialectics considers ideas according to their movement and change in time, according to their interrelations and interactions.

Marx used dialectical analysis to uncover the contradictions in the predominant ideas of society, and in the social relations to which they are linked – exposing the underlying struggle between opposing forces. Only by becoming aware of the dialectic (i.e. class consciousness) of such opposing forces in a struggle for power can men and women intellectually liberate themselves, and change the existing social order through social progress.

The Frankfurt School understood that a dialectical method could only be adopted if it could be applied to itself; if they adopted a self-correcting method – a dialectical method that would enable the correction of previous, false interpretations of the dialectical investigation. Accordingly, critical theory rejected the historicism and materialism of Orthodox Marxism.

Critique of Western civilization

The second phase of Frankfurt School critical theory centres principally on two works: Adorno and Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) and Adorno's Minima Moralia (1951). While retaining much of a Marxian analysis, these works critical shifted emphasis from a critique of capitalism to a critique of Western civilization, as seen in Dialectic of Enlightenment, which uses the Odyssey as a paradigm for their analysis of bourgeois consciousness. Their exposition of the domination of nature as a central characteristic of instrumental rationality in Western civilization was made long before ecology and environmentalism became popular concerns.

Consequently, at a time when it appears that reality itself has become the basis for ideology, the greatest contribution that critical theory can make is to explore the dialectical contradictions of individual subjective experience on the one hand, and to preserve the truth of theory on the other. Even dialectical progress is put into doubt: "its truth or untruth is not inherent in the method itself, but in its intention in the historical process." This intention must be oriented toward integral freedom and happiness: "The only philosophy which can be responsibly practiced in face of despair is the attempt to contemplate all things as they would present themselves from the standpoint of redemption." Adorno distanced himself from the "optimism" of orthodox Marxism: "beside the demand thus placed on thought, the question of the reality or unreality of redemption [i.e. human emancipation] itself hardly matters.

From a sociological point of view, Horkheimer's and Adorno's works contain an ambivalence concerning the ultimate source or foundation of social domination, an ambivalence that gave rise to the "pessimism" of the new critical theory over the possibility of human emancipation and freedom. This ambivalence was rooted in the historical circumstances in which the work was originally produced, in particular, the rise of National Socialism, state capitalism, and mass culture as entirely new forms of social domination that could not be adequately explained within the terms of traditional Marxist sociology.

For Adorno and Horkheimer, state intervention in the economy had effectively abolished the tension in capitalism between the "relations of production" and "material productive forces of society"—a tension that, according to traditional Marxist theory, constituted the primary contradiction within capitalism. The previously "free" market (as an "unconscious" mechanism for the distribution of goods) and "irrevocable" private property of Marx's epoch gradually have been replaced by the more central role of management hierarchies at the firm level and macroeconomic interventions at the state level in contemporary Western societies. The dialectic through which Marx predicted the emancipation of modern society is suppressed, effectively being subjugated to a positivist rationality of domination.

How to draw

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Red	#FF0000	255, 0, 0
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Darker Red	#DE0010	222, 0, 16

Relationships

Friends

Libertarian Marxism - A very good friend.
Situationism - We share many similarities in thought.
Neo-Marxism - My older brother. He influenced me greatly and it’s always a joy working with him.
Progressivism - A very popular fellow who takes many of my ideas, though you’re too moderate.
Anti-Fascism - More radical version of the last guy, just make sure you keep distancing yourself from him.

Frenemies

Maoism - I don’t quite know what to make of him. Some of my theorists loved him, others detested him.
Anarcho-Communism - You're cool and all, but Anarchism is childish and delusional.
Marxism–Leninism - Thanks for spreading socialism, but you're still too authoritarian for my likings.

Enemies

Conservatism - A braindead racist who willfully misinterprets my ideas to spread propaganda.
Reactionaryism - Same as the above but on steroids. And you oppose the enlightenment, for the COMPLETELY wrong reasons.
Neoreactionaryism - Same as above but geek, your political theories are retarded you little shit.
Reactionary Liberalism and Neoliberalism - The most horrible products of liberalism.
Neoconservatism - Army of western liberal chauvinist hawks using the excuse of "freedom and tolerance" for brutalize people that they label as no good.
Enlightenment Thought - Nothing but a false promise that led to Totalitarianism. Has nothing to do with whatever they're saying
Totalitarianism - The result of the Enlightenment Thought.
Petersonism - A horrible "intellectual" that represents all that I oppose.
Alt-Lite - Zoomer fans of above.
Freiburg School - They sometimes compare us but you're only a German delayer of socialism.
Conservative Socialism - Quit calling me a radlib!
Pragerism - My american opposite.
Traditionalism - An excuse to enslave and oppress the lower classes.
Hobbesianism - An enlightened intellectual that proff by points.
Racism - Pseudocientific garbage to discriminate and ostratice against minorities.
White Nationalism - Product of above.
Alt-Right - Zoomer version of above.

Navigation

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 |influences=
 [[File:Kant.png]] [[Enlightenment Thought|Kantianism]]<br>
-[[File:Continental.png]] [[mh:philosophyball:Continental Philosophy|Continental Philosophy]]<br>
+[[File:Continental.png]] {{PHB|Continental Philosophy|Continental Philosophy}}<br>
-[[File:Hegel.png]] [[mh:philosophyball:Hegelianism|Hegelianism]]<br>
+[[File:Hegel.png]] {{PHB|Hegelianism|Hegelianism}}<br>
 [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism]]<br>
-[[File:Freud.png]] [[mh:philosophyball:Freudianism|Freudianism]]<br>
+[[File:Freud.png]] {{PHB|Freudianism|Freudianism}}<br>
-[[File:Existentialism.png]] [[mh:philosophyball:Existentialism|Existentialism]]<br>
+[[File:Existentialism.png]] {{PHB|Existentialism|Existentialism}}<br>
 [[File:Neomarx.png]] [[Neo-Marxism]]<br>
-[[File:Nietzsche.png]] [[mh:philosophyball:Nietzscheanism|Nietzscheanism]]<br>
+[[File:Nietzsche.png]] {{PHB|Nietzscheanism|Nietzscheanism}}<br>
-[[File:Pragmat.png]] [[mh:philosophyball:Pragmatism|Pragmatism]]<br>
+[[File:Pragmat.png]] {{PHB|Pragmatism|Pragmatism}}<br>
-[[File:Faust.png]] [[mh:philosophyball:Spenglerism|Spenglerism]]
+[[File:PrusSoc.png]] {{PHB|Spenglerism|Spenglerism}}
 |influenced={{Collapse|
 [[File:Acidcomf.png]] [[Acid Communism]]<br>
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 [[File:Situ.png]] [[Situationism]]<br>
 [[File:Post-an.png]] [[Post-Anarchism]] (Critical Theory)
+}}
+|sub =
+[[File:Adorno.png]] '''Adornism''' {{Collapse|
+*[[File:Antifash2.png]] [[Anti-Fascism]]
+*[[File:Enlightenment.png]] [[Enlightenment Thought]]
+*[[File:Existentialism.png]] {{PHB|Existentialism}}
+*[[File:Kafka.png]] [[Existentialist Anarchism|Kafkism]]
+*[[File:FreudCom.png]] {{PHB|Neo-Marxism|Freudo-Marxism}}
+*[[File:HegelMarx.png]] {{PHB|Neo-Marxism|Hegelian Marxism}}
+*[[File:Husserl.png]] {{PHB|Phenomenology|Husserlianism}}
+*[[File:Kant.png]] {{PHB|Kantianism}}
+*[[File:Kierkegaard.png]] {{PHB|Kierkegaardianism}}
+*[[File:Neomarx.png]] [[Neo-Marxism]]
+*[[File:NietzscheMarx.png]] {{PHB|Nietzscheanism|Nietzschean Marxism}}
+*[[File:Psychoanalysis.png]] {{PHB|Psychoanalysis}}
+*[[File:Romanticism.png]] {{PHB|Romanticism}}
+*[[File:PrusSoc.png]] [[Cultural Nationalism#Spenglerism|Spenglerism]]
+*[[File:StructMarx.png]] [[Neo-Marxism|Structural Marxism]]
+*[[File:Weber.png]] {{PHB|Weberism}}
+}}
+[[File:CRT.png]] '''Critical Race Theory''' {{Collapse|
+*[[File:Anti-Liberalism.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Liberalism}}
+*[[File:AntiRacism.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Racism}}
+*[[File:Blacknat.png]] [[Black Nationalism|Black Power]]
+*[[File:Dubois.png]] [[Neo-Marxism|Du Boisian Socialism]]
+*[[File:Radical Republican.png]] [[Abolitionism|Frederick Douglassism]]
+*[[File:Gramsci.png]] [[Neo-Marxism|Gramscianism]]
+*[[File:Intersec.png]] [[Progressivism|Intersectionality]]
+*[[File:NeoMarxProg.png]] [[Neo-Marxism|Neo-Marxian Progressivism]]
+*[[File:PostColFem.png]] [[Postcolonial Feminism]]
 }}
 |song=
-|founder=[[File: Ormarxf.png]] Carl Grünberg
 |likes=Critical theory
-|dislikes=Class Reductionists<br>
+|dislikes=Class Reductionists
-Postmodernism
 |theorists=[[File:PanAmer.png]] '''Americas''' {{Collapse|
 *[[File:Eco-marxism.png]] [[Eco-Socialism|Trent Schroyer]] (1936-2018) [[File:Cball-US.png]] USA
@@ Line 53: / Line 81: @@
 '''Frankfurt Socialism''' is <s>a sausage</s> an economically and culturally left, Marxist ideology based off The Frankfurt School and theorists associated with it. The Frankfurt School is a sociological-philosophical school of [[File:Neomarx.png|link=https://polcompball.fandom.com/wiki/File:Neomarx.png]] [[Neo-Marxism|Neo-Marxist]] orientation. The original nucleus of this school, made up mostly of [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] German philosophers and sociologists, emerged in 1923 in the environment of the newborn "Institute for Social Research" of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main In [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany, under the leadership of the [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism|Marxist]] historian Carl Grünberg.
-When [[File: Nazi.png]] Hitler came to power the Frankfurt School was put in exile. 16 years later, the Frankfurt School would come back and the institute moved to Geneva (in [[File:Cball-Switzerland.png|link=https://polcompball.fandom.com/wiki/File:Cball-Switzerland.png]] Switzerland). The Frankfurt school perspective is based upon [[File: Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism|Marxist]], [[File:Freud.png]] Freudian and [[File:Hegel.png]] Hegelian premises of Idealism. To fill the omissions of 19th-century classical [[File: Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism]], which did not address 20th-century social problems, they applied the methods of antipositivist sociology, of psychoanalysis, and of existentialism. While some theorists of the institute remained in the [[File:Cball-US.png]] USA, the Frankfurt School was re-established in West Germany, Frankfurt.
+When [[File:Nazi.png]] Hitler came to power the Frankfurt School was put in exile. 16 years later, the Frankfurt School would come back and the institute moved to Geneva (in [[File:Cball-Switzerland.png|link=https://polcompball.fandom.com/wiki/File:Cball-Switzerland.png]] Switzerland). The Frankfurt school perspective is based upon [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism|Marxist]], [[File:Freud.png]] Freudian and [[File:Hegel.png]] Hegelian premises of Idealism. To fill the omissions of 19th-century classical [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism]], which did not address 20th-century social problems, they applied the methods of antipositivist sociology, of psychoanalysis, and of existentialism. While some theorists of the institute remained in the [[File:Cball-US.png]] USA, the Frankfurt School was re-established in West Germany, Frankfurt.
-== Critical theory ==
+==Critical theory==
 The works of the Frankfurt School are understood in the context of the intellectual and practical objectives of critical theory. Max Horkheimer defined critical theory as social critique meant to effect sociologic change and realize intellectual emancipation, by way of enlightenment that is not dogmatic in its assumptions. Critical theory analyzes the true significance of ''the ruling understandings'' (the dominant ideology) generated in bourgeois society in order to show that the dominant ideology misrepresents ''how'' human relations occur in the real world and how capitalism justifies and legitimates the domination of people.
 Unlike Orthodox Marxism, which applies a template to critique and to action, critical theory is self-critical, with no claim to the universality of absolute truth. As such, it does not grant primacy to matter (materialism) or consciousness (idealism), because each epistemology distorts the reality under study to the benefit of a small group. In practice, critical theory is outside the philosophical strictures of traditional theory; however, as a way of thinking and of recovering humanity's self-knowledge, critical theory draws investigational resources and methods from Marxism.
-=== Dialetics ===
+===Dialetics===
 The Frankfurt School reformulated dialectics into a concrete method of investigation, derived from the Hegelian philosophy that an idea will pass over into its own negation, as the result of conflict between the inherently contradictory aspects of the idea. In opposition to previous modes of reasoning, which viewed things in abstraction, each by itself and as though endowed with fixed properties, Hegelian dialectics considers ideas according to their movement and change in time, according to their interrelations and interactions.
@@ Line 67: / Line 95: @@
 The Frankfurt School understood that a dialectical method could only be adopted ''if it could be applied to itself''; if they adopted a self-correcting method – a dialectical method that would enable the correction of previous, false interpretations of the dialectical investigation. Accordingly, critical theory rejected the historicism and materialism of Orthodox Marxism.
-=== Critique of Western civilization ===
+===Critique of Western civilization===
 The second phase of Frankfurt School critical theory centres principally on two works: Adorno and Horkheimer's ''Dialectic of Enlightenment'' (1944) and Adorno's ''Minima Moralia'' (1951). While retaining much of a Marxian analysis, these works critical shifted emphasis from a critique of capitalism to a critique of Western civilization, as seen in ''Dialectic of Enlightenment'', which uses the ''Odyssey'' as a paradigm for their analysis of bourgeois consciousness. Their exposition of the domination of nature as a central characteristic of instrumental rationality in Western civilization was made long before ecology and environmentalism became popular concerns.
@@ Line 91: / Line 119: @@
 <br />
-== Relationships ==
+==Relationships==
-=== Friends ===
+===Friends===
-*[[File:Libmarx.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism|Libertarian Marxism]] - A very good friend
+*[[File:Libmarx.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism|Libertarian Marxism]] - A very good friend.
 *[[File:Situ.png]] [[Situationism]] - We share many similarities in thought.
 *[[File:Neomarx.png]] [[Neo-Marxism]] - My older brother. He influenced me greatly and it’s always a joy working with him.
 *[[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism]] - A very popular fellow who takes many of my ideas, though you’re too moderate.
 *[[File:Antifa.png]] [[Anti-Fascism]] - More radical version of the last guy, just make sure you keep distancing yourself from [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] [[Neoliberalism|him.]]
-=== Frenemies ===
+===Frenemies===
 *[[File:Mao.png]] [[Maoism]] - I don’t quite know what to make of him. Some of my theorists loved him, others detested him.
 *[[File:Ancom.png]] [[Anarcho-Communism]] - You're cool and all, but Anarchism is childish and delusional.
 *[[File:Marxlen.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism]] - Thanks for spreading socialism, but you're still too authoritarian for my likings.
-=== Enemies ===
+===Enemies===
 *[[File:Conservative.png]] [[Conservatism]] - A braindead racist who willfully misinterprets my ideas to spread propaganda.
 *[[File:React.png]] [[Reactionaryism]] - Same as the above but on steroids. And you oppose the enlightenment, for the COMPLETELY wrong reasons.
 *[[File:Nrx.png]] [[Neoreactionaryism]] - Same as above but geek, your political theories are retarded you little shit.
 *[[File:Reactlib.png]] [[Reactionary Liberalism]] and [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] [[Neoliberalism]] - The most horrible products of liberalism.
-*[[File:Monkeyzz-Enlightenment.png]] [[Enlightenment Thought]] [[File:Enlightnenment.png]] - Nothing but a false promise that led to [[File: Totalitarian.png]] [[Totalitarianism]]. Has nothing to do with whatever [[File:React.png]] [[Reactionaryism|they're]] saying
+*[[File:Necon.png]] [[Neoconservatism]] - Army of western liberal chauvinist hawks using the excuse of "freedom and tolerance" for brutalize people that they label as no good.
-*[[File: Totalitarian.png]] [[Totalitarianism]] - The result of the [[File:Monkeyzz-Enlightenment.png]] [[Enlightenment Thought]].
+*[[File:Enlightenment.png]] [[Enlightenment Thought]] [[File:Enlightenment.png]] - Nothing but a false promise that led to [[File:Totalitarian.png]] [[Totalitarianism]]. Has nothing to do with whatever [[File:React.png]] [[Reactionaryism|they're]] saying
+*[[File:Totalitarian.png]] [[Totalitarianism]] - The result of the [[File:Enlightenment.png]] [[Enlightenment Thought]].
 *[[File:Petersonism.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Petersonism]] - A horrible "intellectual" that represents all that I oppose.
+*[[File:Altl.png]] [[Alt-Lite]] - Zoomer fans of above.
 *[[File:Orlib.png]] [[Ordo-Liberalism|Freiburg]] [[Social Capitalism|School]] [[File:Soccap.png]] - They sometimes compare us but you're only a German delayer of socialism.
 *[[File:Consocf.png]] [[Conservative Socialism]] - Quit calling me a radlib!
 *[[File:Mesocon.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism#Pragerism|Pragerism]] - My american opposite.
 *[[File:Trad.png]] [[Traditionalism]] - An excuse to enslave and oppress the lower classes.
-*[[File:Hobbes.png]] [[Authoritarian Conservatism#Thomas Hobbes|Hobbesianism]] - An enlightened intelectual that proff by points.
+*[[File:Fishe.png]] [[Authoritarian Conservatism#Thomas Hobbes|Hobbesianism]] - An enlightened intellectual that proff by points.
 *[[File:Race.png]] [[Racial Nationalism|Racism]] - Pseudocientific garbage to discriminate and ostratice against minorities.
 *[[File:Whitesup.png]] [[White Nationalism]] - Product of above.
+*[[File:Altr.png]] [[Alt-Right]] - Zoomer version of above.
 ==Further Reading==

V • E Left Unity - No theory? Opinion discarded.
Centre-Left
Main	Acid Communism • Agrarian Socialism • Alter-Globalism • Anti-Fascism • Austromarxism • Bioregionalism • Buddhist Socialism • Bull Moose Progressivism • Christian Socialism • Circulus Theory • Classical Social Democracy • Communalism • Conservative Socialism • Council Communism • Cybercommunism • De Leonism • Deep Ecology • Democratic Socialism • Eco-Socialism • Ergatocracy • Eurocommunism • Euskadi Carlism • Frankfurt School • Fully Automated Gay Space Communism • Gandhian Socialism • Indigenism • Islamic Socialism • Left Communism • Left-Wing Nationalism • Left-Wing Populism • Liberal Socialism • Liberation Theology • Market Socialism • Marxism • Marxist Feminism • Neo-Marxism • Reformist Marxism • Religious Socialism • Sewer Socialism • Lawsonomy • Socialism • Socialism of the 21st Century • Socialist Transhumanism • Xenofeminism
Self-Insert	Venatrixism • Baxism • Epoch Neo-Marxism • Dankeism

V • E Feminists - Fighting sexism ~~with sexism~~
Main	Liberal Feminism • Conservative Feminism • Feminism • Marxist Feminism • Anarcha-Feminism • Ecofeminism • Libertarian Feminism • Pacifist Feminism
Related / Concepts	Radical Feminism • National Feminism • CyberFeminism • Religious Feminism • Maternalism
Self-Inserts	Quarkism • Schumacherianism

V • E Socialists - Boys in red doing stuff
Main	Planned Socialism • Directed Socialism • Democratic Socialism • Conservative Socialism • Libertarian Socialism • Liberal Socialism • Monarcho-Socialism • State Socialism • Socialist Transhumanism • Communalism • Neo-Bolshevism • Reformist Marxism
Markets	Market Socialism
Self-Inserts	Venatrixism • Revolutionary Monarchism • Epoch Neo-Marxism • BetterCallSneedism • Imperial Socialism • Scorpism

Frankfurt School: Difference between revisions

Help

Latest revision as of 20:55, 16 November 2024

Contents

Critical theory

Dialetics

Critique of Western civilization

How to draw

Relationships

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Frenemies

Enemies

Further Reading

Wikipedia

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