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Georgism: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Cultural Center]]
[[Category:Culturally Left]]
[[Category:Culturally Left]]
[[Category:Economic Systems]]
[[Category:Economic Systems]]
[[zh:喬治主義]]
[[zh:喬治主義]]


Revision as of 04:16, 12 May 2023

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Georgism, also called Geoism, is an economically centrist, generally culturally center-left, and moderately libertarian ideology that is typically placed in the lower middle of the political compass.

Georgism seeks to achieve justice, prosperity, and progress through a fair distribution of economic rent and the annihilation of deadweight loss from inefficient taxes and harmful monopolies. He believes that there should only be one tax, being the land value tax. He views property rights as only extending to the properties of labor and capital, and since land is neither, it's free real estate. Though his main bit is only having one tax, he also generally supports free markets and free trade, and he sometimes promotes a citizen's dividend and pollution taxes, as a treat.

Overall, his ideology is centered around land & its distribution; his beliefs are often summed up with the phrase (usually in all caps) "landlords don't have rights", though this is an exaggeration. A more accurate phrase would be “no one has the right to be a landlord”.

While his views on land rights and natural resource ownership are very collectivist, to combat unjust inequality, most of his other views are liberal and relatively individualistic, focusing on creating efficiency in the economy so that wealth and prosperity can be created. In this way, he is similar to many other Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination capitalist ideologies, though with the major difference of land ownership.

His father Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Physiocracy was quite old and absent when he was born, so he was mostly brought up by his uncle Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Classical Liberalism.

Of all his cousins, he's generally on best terms with Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Liberalism; but he also tries to keep friendly with Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Capitalism and Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Socialism even though they seldom leave room for his views, especially when they're in the same room together...

History

Georgism is named after the American journalist and political economist Henry George (1839 - 1897). The defining theories and policies of Georgism stem from Henry George's 1879 book, Progress and Poverty, which sold more than any other book in the US except the Bible during the 1890s. In this book, George sought to find the reason why poverty persists even when wealth increases and technology advances; coming to the conclusion that private extraction of rents from land is the main culprit keeping down both profits/interest from capital and wages from labor.

Henry George is considered one of the last classical economists, largely building on the foundation of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Classical Liberals such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill. It was observed by them that a tax on what they called "ground-rents" and "the ordinary rent of land", the economic rent from location and natural resources, was the most just and efficient form of taxation, and this notion was followed by Henry George to its logical conclusion: replacing all other taxes with a tax on ground/land rents, i.e. a land value tax.

The movement itself is said to be much older than George, and a long list of economists, political figures, agitators, and land reformers are considered fore-runners: From the Gracchi brothers of the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Roman Republic to the Diggers of England, the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Physiocrats of France, and other Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Enlightenment Thought thinkers such as Thomas Paine with his Agrarian Justice and the concept of a citizen's dividend. Several Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Agrarian revolts around the world also reflect the struggle against private enclosure of common land and disproportionate taxation (such as poll tax) upon tenants, the poor, and working people - with tax exemption and other privileges for the landed nobility and rich landowners. Henry George is, for the Georgists, the pinnacle of this movement for land reform and economic justice. Some modern proponents prefer to use the term "Geoism" to broaden the scope. Coincidentally "Geo-" in both cases comes from the Ancient Greek word for earth/land.

Campaign button from the 1890s. Seeing the Cat

Historically Georgism spread around the whole world, with important proponents in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania.

Henry George himself became a political figure, running twice for mayor of New York City, in 1886 and 1898, being runner-up the first time (though in front of future president Teddy Roosevelt) and suffering from a fatal stroke in 1897 during his second campaign. Many of his early supporters styled themselves "Single Taxers" since it was envisioned that the land value tax would replace all other taxes. For a short period of time during the end of the 19th century, the Single Tax movement dominated the political labor associations in the United States, but it was largely supplanted by the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Marxist ideology as this came to be generally accepted as the true form of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Socialism both in the US and elsewhere.

In the UK, both the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats (more specifically the predecessor, the Liberal Party) have a history of support for land value taxation, especially during the first half of the 20th century. In a 1906 survey, Henry George was listed as the favourite author of 12 Labour MPs, coming in at a 5th place after authors such as Charles Dickens and "The Bible", and with nobody listing Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Karl Marx. The British Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Liberal support for Georgism peaked with the famous People's Budget including a land value tax, which lead to a constitutional crisis due to the resistance of the House of Lords, the majority Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Conservative landowners being strongly opposed to such a tax. The budget was eventually forced through, and as a result the House of Lords lost its power to veto budgets - but only after two general elections in 1910. The land value tax was never fully implemented however, since it was at first stalled (among other things by the First World War) and then cancelled by the coalition government in 1920.

In China the third principle of Sun Yat-sen's Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Tridemism Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination was based on a land value tax directly inspired by Henry George's writings, and the Kuomintang brought this with them to Taiwan, where it's still upheld.

There have been several other Georgist parties around the world since then, however, most of them only gaining little support. The Justice Party of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Denmark was the most successful, with their highest result being 8.2% of the national votes in 1950, gaining 12 seats in the Danish parliament. The movement in Denmark resulted in a land value tax being introduced in 1920, which is still being levied (though today only at low rates and at municipality level). The only current Georgist party in the UK is the Young People's Party, though there are several political movements in the English speaking world, including the UK based Labour Land Campaign and LibDems ALTER.

Many current Georgist movements and organisations such as the UK based Henry George Foundation with its Land&Liberty publication, the Henry George Foundation of Australia, the New York based Henry George School of Social Science, and the Robert Schalkenbach Foundation aren't linked to specific political parties, rather trying to spread knowledge about Henry George's ideas and campaign for land value taxation across the political divides.

Of modern economist proponents of Henry George's ideas the most prominent are Mason Gaffney and the two Nobel laureates, Joseph Stiglitz and William Vickrey. There's also been notable support for land value taxation from the editorials and chief commentators of Financial Times and The Economist.

Ideological Foundations

Arguments for or against Georgism usually boil down to two forms of argument; Arguments regarding an inherent moral superiority of the system (deontological arguments) and arguments regarding the positive outcomes of the system (consequential arguments).

Deontological Arguments

Georgists generally believe that land naturally belongs to all people for a very simple reason: no one invented land, therefore nobody can claim a special monopoly on land or other natural resources found in land such as coal or various metals.

Georgists often compare land and oxygen/air in the sense that nobody invented it as it is a natural resource. If we have established that nobody invented air we therefore should naturally accept that nobody should be given special monopiles over the air we breathe since no one invented it, it follows that this should also apply to land — a resource that, much like air, no one has invented and therefore no one can claim special ownership or monopoly rights too.

Therefore if you wish to own land and keep the general population off your land, Georgists propose you should pay a LVT (Land Value Tax) for the privilege of owning that land and it's resources. As opposed to just hoarding a monopoly on a item which you did not invent and therefore can claim no special privilege too.

In short, no one invented land therefore you should pay a land value tax for the right to use the land you claim to own.

Consequential Arguments

Georgists believe that implementation of a Land Value Tax would help with problems such as Speculation and undeveloped land, and would allow us to cut down on other taxes.

Georgists believe that because an LVT taxes unimproved land, Land Hoarders who just buy land and wait for it to become more expensive as time goes on without improving it will be taxed on the value of that land completely, giving them no profit. And because landlords have an incentive to make money, they’ll have to actually develop and improve their land.

Georgists also believe that a Land Value Tax would put down rents and housing costs. Since unused space would be taxed, landlords and developers would have an extra incentive to create more housing on said unused space, which would increase supply and lower prices.

And of course because it inherently put money into the government, Georgists believe that this money should be redistributed to the people in some way. Originally, Henry George believed that an LVT would be able to abolish all other taxes[1], as well as providing Public Transportation and a UBI, but most Georgists think his belief was unrealistic. Most Georgists believe that an LVT could replace current property taxes, cut other taxes, and perhaps still increase revenue when combined with similar measures such as taxes on negative externalities (which Georgists near-universally support).

In short, Georgists believe that a Land Value Tax would be able to cut rents, end Speculation and lower taxes.

Personality

Georgism is generally open minded and has a friendly disposition - except when he is confronted by extremist Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination proprietarianists! While he is very skeptical towards landlords in general (still acknowledging the rent due for buildings as opposed to that which is derived from location) he truly hates real slumlords and other entirely unproductive and harmful rent-seekers. Other times that you might see him on edge is when he sees old privileges upheld by landed nobility...

He may be found quite often more or less loudly advocating for his favourite economic remedy: Land Value Tax (LVT); but the virtues he describes will often depend on who he's trying to persuade - since, in his mind, these are so many and so great that anyone can potentially see the light (or Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination the cat, as he likes to express it).

How To Draw

The Georgist flag-based design is a diagonal bicolor of yellow (or Gold) and green. The former represents wealth and free trade, while green represents the land and natural resources.

Flag of Georgism
  1. Draw a ball
  2. Separate the ball in positive diagonal, with the top colored gold and bottom green
  3. Add the eyes
  4. Optional detail:
    1. In the middle of the ball, draw a black diamond separated in four portions at a 45 degree angle
    2. Give the ball cat ears, a tail and six grey whiskers

You're finished!

Color Name HEX RGB
Green #0ED145 14, 209, 69
Gold #FFDA2B 255, 218, 43


Relationships

Friends

Frenemies

Enemies

Further Information

Literature

Some of Henry George's major publications

Books by other authors

Wikipedia

Videos

Short (less than 10 minutes)

Long (More than 10 minutes)

Online Communities

Gallery

Portraits

Comics

  • Credit: u/TheDwarvenGuy, Source

    Credit: u/TheDwarvenGuy, Source

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    Credit: u/Cave-Bunny, Source

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    Credit: u/Borisyukishvili, Source

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    Credit: u/SemiNewRedditUser, Source

  • Credit: u/DevilsStudent, Source

    Credit: u/DevilsStudent, Source

  • Credit: u/URSSCCO, Source

    Credit: u/URSSCCO, Source

  • Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

    Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

  • Credit: u/DevilsStudent, Source

    Credit: u/DevilsStudent, Source

  • Credit: u/JabroGaming, Source

    Credit: u/JabroGaming, Source

  • Credit u/Ihavretard, Source

    Credit u/Ihavretard, Source

  • Credit: u/Monkeysszz, Source

    Credit: u/Monkeysszz, Source

  • Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

    Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

  • Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

    Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

  • Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

    Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

  • Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

    Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

  • Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

    Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

  • Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

    Credit: u/pikachufan2222, Source

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    Credit: u/dsddsaaaa, Source

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    Credit: u/VladVV, Source

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    Credit: u/1945BestYear, Source

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    Credit: u/Kirbly11, Source

  • Credit: u/DarKliZerPT, Source

    Credit: u/DarKliZerPT, Source

  • Credit: u/Zamoon, Source

    Credit: u/Zamoon, Source

References

  1. ↑ https://www.econlib.org/land-taxes-the-return-of-henry-george/#:~:text=George%20proposed%20to%20tax%20away,building%2C%20would%20not%20be%20taxed.
  2. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Leap-Forward
  3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George#Other_proposals

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