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"Our task is not to fight old battles, but to show that there is a third way, a way of marrying together an open competitive society and successful economy with a just and decent society."



"I think we are all trying to adapt our countries to this global economy—a global society—to reap the benefits of it, but to keep a human face on it."


Third Way is a centrist ideology that combines stances from Neoliberalism and Social Capitalism.[13][Note 7] Policies favored by Third Way advocates fluctuate based on political/economic circumstances and leadership attitudes. Third Way advocates mostly pursue and advocate for private-public partnerships, commercialization, a moderate welfare state, balanced budgets, free trade, closer transatlantic relations, deregulation, and (sometimes, but not always) union busting & welfare cuts while still maintaining a left-wing aesthetic.[Note 8] Advocacy for this ideology arose during the oil crisis of the 1970s & through the presidencies/premierships of various conservative neoliberal administrations of the 1980s and 1990s in which Keynesianism's popularity declined and neoliberal thinkers like Milton Friedman throughly challenged government meddling in the economy and the previous keynesian economic consensus, leading to many on the left seeing a need to combine neoliberalism with progressive values to stay politically up to date with the new neoliberal economic consensus.

History

The modern understanding of Third Way politics was popularized in the 1990s by Anthony Giddens, who wrote a series of books detailing the qualities of the Third Way. He called for a re-evaluation of policies from both progressive and conservative parties. The ideology became popular in many western countries, including the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Mainland Europe. The most notable advocates for Third Way are former American president Bill Clinton and former UK prime minister Tony Blair, who both supported its ideas while in office during the 1990s and early 2000s

United Kingdom

In the 90s, the concept of the "Third Way" was first thought up by Anthony Gidden. Originally intended to be a rebranded version of Social Democracy, as well as an alternative to traditional forms of Socialism and Capitalism. The Labour Party, after 4 consecutive election losses to the Tory Party, decided to adopt Gidden's idea of the "Third Way" under the leadership of Tony Blair and rebranded itself as "New Labour". Blair moved the party to the right, embracing most of Margaret Thatcher's polices. Blair went on to beat the Tories in a landslide in 1997, being the first Labour leader to be PM in 18 years. After his involvement in the Iraq War in 2003, Blair's premiership became increasingly unpopular with the public. He resigned in 2007 and was replaced with Gordan Brown, who was nearly identical to Blair in policy but differed interpersonally. Brown lost in a landslide against the Tories under David Cameron in 2010. His replacement, Ed Miliband was slightly to the left of him and Blair, but still compromised on issues like austerity. In 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected leader of the Labour Party and his victory was seen as a rejection of the Blairite establishment and the party finally moving back to the left. Corbyn rid Labour of most of its Third Way influence but due to Corbyn's silence on Anti Semitism within the Labour Party, he was ousted by Keir Starmer. Although giving him initial praise for making Labour the party of Anti Austerity, Starmer would later condemn Corbyn for his perceived unelectability and anti-semitism, removing him and many of his supporters from the party. Starmer’s platform has been seen as File:NewOneNatLab.png reconciling the policies of One-Nation Labour and Blairism, and has certainly taken influence from the Third Way- with Starmer himself describing it as ‘File:NewLabRoid.png New Labour on steroids’. However, others have claimed that Starmer is much further left than Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, pointing out his regulationist ‘Securonomics’ programme and previous membership of Corbyn's Shadow Cabinet.

One Nation Labour

One Nation Labour is an economically and culturally centre-left ideology based on the views and policies of former Labour leader Ed Miliband. It is a rebranded form of New Labour that takes influence from the idea of One-Nation Conservatism and the policies of Blue Labour, and combines them with New Labour's centrist stance. It also takes a few more patriotic stances, specifically on immigration.

United States

In the mid 80s, the New Democrat Coalition faction of the Democratic Party first appeared, emerging after the landslide victories by president Ronald Reagan. Instead of continuing with the more left-leaning direction the party had taken since FDR, this new group embraced Reagan's economic reforms with more of an emphasis on progressive values, due to feeling that the party was becoming out of touch on economic issues. Bill Clinton became the first New Democrat to win the presidency in 1992, with the New Democrat Coalitioners becoming the dominant faction in the party since. Barack Obama, in a meeting with the New Democrat Coalition, said he was a New Democrat Coalitioner. Hillary Clinton ran for president in 2016 as a New Democrat Coalitioner, but lost. During the presidency of Donald Trump, many Moderates in the Republican Party swapped to the New Democrat Coalition. Joe Biden, one of the first New Democrat Coalitioner, won the American presidency in 2020.

Hillary Clinton

Germany

Seeheimer Kreis

The Seeheimer Kreis (Seeheim Circle) is a major, economically somewhat more right-leaning faction within the SPD. Its origins can be traced back to the "canal workers", a relatively loose, informal, yet also influential group of SPD delegates that came into existence during the early 50s. Starting in the 60s, the group would start to hold its first annual formal meetings, a tradition that still lasts to this day. In the meantime, the group would become known as the "Seeheimer Kreis" for the first time in its history, and also grow more cohesive. Its namesake lies in a town in southwestern Germany, which was where the canal workers held most of their aforementioned meetings.

Members of the Seeheimer Kreis are known to pride themselves on their pragmatism and "anti-dogmatism". Some observers also refer to the party as the SPD's right-wing While they supported raising the minimum wage to 12 euros per hour, they also hold some economically right-leaning stances, such as aiming to reduce national debt before fleshing out the social security system.

France

One of the most notable proponents of Third Way politics in France is current president Emmanuel Macron and his party "La République En Marche!". The party was founded with a goal to "modernise and moralise" French politics, and would go on to win in a landslide against Right-Wing candidate Marine Le Pen in the 2017 election. Politicians also associated with Third Way politics include former president François Hollande and former prime minister Manuel Valls.

Romania

Iliescuism

  • Ion Iliescu is a Romanian politician and engineer, the founder of the Social Democratic Party, who served as President of Romania from 1989 to 1996 and from 2000 to 2004. Iliescu rose to prominence during the communist era when he joined the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) in 1953 and became a member of its Central Committee in 1965. He was eventually marginalized by dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu and eventually came to play a leading role in the Romanian Revolution during the fall of communism.

After the overthrow of Ceaușescu in December 1989, Ion Iliescu was recognized as the co-leader leader of the National Salvation Front (FSN) an organization formed by second-rank Communist party members opposed to the policies of Ceaușescu to fill in the power vacuum caused by the fall of the dictator and lead the transition to parliamentary democracy. In recent times Iliescu has been accused of committing crimes against humanity by approving deadly militaristic measures against civilians during the aftermath of the Romanian Revolution.

In 2004, during Iliescu's second presidency, Romania joined NATO and has taken part in the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War with boots-on-the-ground troops in both wars.

Australia

Third Way in Australia largely takes the form of Economic Rationalism, which was a movement with in the Labor Party lead by Bob Hawke. It shifted the formally social democratic ALP to more market based solutions. WIP

Canada

Trudeau Liberalism

  • Trudeau Liberalism is the ideology representing the current prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau. He has been the leader of the Liberal Party since 2013 and was elected to his position in 2015. In many ways he could be seen as the spiritual successor to his father Pierre Trudeau, who famously legalized homosexuality

Under his watch, Justin Trudeau has aggressively pushed for public-private partnerships; he established the Canada Infrastructure Bank to generate revenue through P3 projects. Trudeau has been a strong advocate for federal state-owned enterprises (Crowned corporations). He has tried to balance the budget by raising taxes, signed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, boosted funds for scientific research, bailed out businesses of perceived strategic importance (e.g., dairy manufacturing companies), and imposed a carbon tax which funds a dividend for each Canadian. He has also appointed business leaders to positions of political power.

He has attracted controversy and praise for his record on civil liberties. He has banned assault weapons and restricted handgun ownership; criminalized conversion therapy; legalized marijuana and euthanasia; fought to keep abortion legal; appointed a gender-balanced cabinet; and he cracked down on the trucker's convoy (a wildcat strike in response to COVID-19 lockdown measures) using the Canadian military.

While he often portrays himself as an advocate for indigenous rights and representation, the First Nations community dislikes him for his policies. For instance: He is largely regarded as being responsible for the "illegal" occupying of "unceded" territories of the Wetʼsuwetʼen indigenous nation, leading to the 2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests between indigenous activists and the Royal Mounted Police. An act many advocates consider to be by its very nature "imperialistic".

Because of his reputation as a pink/green washing virtue signaller—he self-identifies with progressive causes or movements while supporting policies which allegedly harm minorities—along with his reputed authoritarian tendencies, he is often stereotyped on Polcompball as an unironic state liberal, alongside the Liberal Party more generally.

Overall

As the political situation is different, there is a difference in the interpretation of the third way by each country. Although each country does not explicitly advocate a “third way,” one commonality can be found:

This Third way (left-wing regimes) have largely embraced neoliberalism since the 1980s, denying the existing excessive welfare policies, and claiming a new "radical" center course, breaking away from socialist ideology.

The left, which has represented the working class, sets the new middle class as a political base and attempts to change as the living standards of the working class improve and the scope expands.

Variants

Third Way Social Democracy

Third Way Social Democracy is a centrist to centre left ideology that stems from Social Democracy however accepts a neoliberal consensus with opponents. Such as support for the European Union, less restrictions on trade, cutting regulations and tax cuts, however they still come from a working class base and are often propped up by trade unions and have socialist traditions which sometimes they shine through all the compromise.

Third Way Liberalism

Third Way Liberalism is a centre-left to centre-right ideology that combines stances from Social Liberalism and Neoliberalism. Historically they favored introduction of workfare, cutting regulations, free trade, and a general disdain for socialistic policies. Their support, like most liberal ideologies, comes from the middle class which makes the ideology popular with a majority of citizens in the western world.

Progressive Hawk

Progressive Hawkism is in reference towards people who support progressive social policies with an interventionist foreign policy. Progressive hawks differ from liberal hawks in the sense of how progressive their social policies are, as liberal hawks are usually center-left, while progressive hawks are left-wing. As well in economics, as liberal hawks will usually be centrist, while progressive hawks will either be center-left or left-wing.

Social Hawk

Social Hawkism is a centrist to centre-left ideology that combines Neoconservatism with Welfarism. Unlike other hawks who advocate for Fiscal Conservatism, Social Hawks instead advocate for some (or more) amount of wealth redistribution and government spending coupled with an hawkish, interventionist foreign policy.

Beliefs

The Third Way is a form of Radical Centrism. Third Way interpreter Anthony Giddens in his books Beyond the Left and Right and Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy talks about Neoliberalism, and how its key tenants—such as welfare cuts, global trade, balanced budgets—were not only popular but valid aspirations. But still seeing merit in social justice and noticing the nasty side-effects of Thatcher and Reagan's economic policies (e.g., lower social trust and excessive inequality), Giddens proposes making neoliberalism more humane through:

  1. A "social investment state" which helps people climb the social ladder through workforce development and education, rather than handouts.
  2. Preserving progressive taxation so the general population feels the gains of free market while reducing inequality.
  3. Making economic and political institutions more inclusive (and therefore egalitarian).[Note 9]

Economics

Third Way economics can be best characterized as a combination of Neoliberalism and Social Capitalism. Advocates embrace some key tenants of neoliberalism: lax tax polices and regulation, free trade, budget balancing, public-private partnerships, and market-based solutions to societal problems; but it also calls for a moderate welfare state, with programs they favor ranging from workfare (where one must perform labor to keep their benefits) to a universal basic income/ negative income tax. As such, Third Way agrees with the center-right on free markets, but also agrees with the center-left on reducing inequality and poverty through redistributive means. This ideology can be seen as the spiritual successor to Ordo-Liberalism.

Trade Policy

An area of disagreement among Third Way advocates is on free trade. While most proponents see globalization as both inevitable and desirable, Anthony Giddens noted that it has many horrible consequences which could seriously backfire in Third Way: A Renewal of Social Democracy, citing how free trade negatively impacts the working poor who find themselves entering a low-wage service sector after losing out to foreign competition. In response to political realities—like national security concerns over China, pandering to blue-collar workers, and satisfying corporate interests—Third Way leaders like Barack Obama and Gerhard Schröder have implemented protectionist policies. Hillary Clinton, still praising the economic achievements of her husband, also embraced many protectionist policies as a nod to her corporate backers and to win over Trump supporters.

It should be noted that most Third Way advocates are strong supporters of free trade. Usually their solution to the inhumane consequences is to push for job training or improved safety nets. Protectionism, however, has proven to be an effective political strategy in countries like the United States and Germany. The former has a centuries-long history of favoring protectionist measures while the latter is an export-oriented economy, meaning a trade deficit could spell serious losses for the general population.

Welfare

Foreign Policy

Proponents of the Third Way have been known to take a generally interventionist foreign policy and have made several alliances with Neoconservatism. Most infamous example being when Tony Blair allied with George W. Bush to invade Iraq in 2003.

Another example is the German Green Party, which holds broadly transatlanticist and pro-NATO stances on diplomacy. It follows what it dubs a "foreign policy to protect human rights", manifested in their hawkish stance on autocratic regimes such as Russia and China. Current German foreign minister Annalena Baerbock has stated in the past that military intervention is sometimes necessary in order to save human lives.
The most infamous example of military intervention by the Greens is that of 1999, when the foreign minister Joschka Fischer decided to deploy German troops in Kosovo, thus marking the first time since WW2 that German troops have been involved in a foreign war. This action made Fischer receive high amounts of criticism, particularly from the contemporary red-green coalition as well as the opposition, the former of which having felt left behind in the decision making process.

Criticism

Some leftists still argue that even if the equality of labor and educational opportunities (which is proposed as a welfare policy) provides opportunities for everyone, it is difficult to guarantee "actual equality" because the situation after that (employment, startup etc..) is left to one's ability.[14]

Personality

Third Way likes regulated capitalism, military interventions (sometimes), and liberalism. He is a liberal military interventionist and likes to call himself a centrist. Third Way was the ideology of former U.S. Presidents, Bill Clinton and Barrack Obama. He largely acts like a "pink" version of Neoconservatism.

He was also the ideology of former British Prime Minister, Tony Blair and of Canadian Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau.

How to Draw

Pink Rose Design

Flag of Third Way (Pink rose design)
  1. Draw a ball
  2. Draw a rose in pink
  3. Add the eyes and you're done!
Color Name HEX RGB
Pink #FF00AF 255, 0, 175
White #FFFFFF 255, 255, 255

Official Logo Design

Flag of Third Way (Official Logo)
  1. Draw a ball
  2. In the middle, draw a dark grey compass with a ring surrounding it
  3. Add the eyes and you're done!
Color Name HEX RGB
Dark Grey #2C2C2C 44, 44, 44
White #FFFFFF 255, 255, 255


Relationships

Partners

  • Pragmatism - I'm basically him codified into an ideolgy.
  • Neoliberalism - I owe it all to you dad! Just please try to compromise with Soclib more.
  • Radical Centrism - Mixing up the center gang.
  • Moderatism - One of my biggest fans.
  • Globalism - Globe Gang!
  • Liberal Internationalism - Global Liberalism Gang!
  • Social Liberalism - My other dad, who will begrudgingly admit that my policies are a good compromise. Usually forms coalitions with me.
  • US Democrats - Fellow member of Bill Clinton and Obama fan club.
  • Neoconservatism - My best friend! From Yugoslavia and Iraq to Libya and Syria, our teamwork makes the dream work. Still, calm down a bit.
  • Social Capitalism - Literally me.
  • Ordo-Liberalism - My German predecessor.
  • Fiscal Conservatism - Austerity time!
  • Rockefeller Republicanism - My more old fashioned friend. We must stay moderate!
  • Liberalism - Grandpa who is too anti-war sometimes, but good direction.
  • Zionism - I have my disputes with Bibi and the Israeli far-right but Obama gave you the Iron Dome and signed historic military aid deals for you.
  • Liberaltarianism - The best type of libertarian and most certainly not a lolbert. Doesn't like my foreign policy though.
  • Welfarism - Ok, just needs some reform to get people working again.
  • Nordic Model - Scandinavian pal. The fact that all of you are in N.A.T.O. f̶i̶n̶a̶l̶l̶y̶ ̶m̶y̶ ̶g̶o̶d̶ ̶T̶u̶r̶k̶e̶y̶ makes it all better.
  • Police Statism - Hey buddy, want some more military gear?
  • Bull Moose Progressivism - Economically a bit too far, but we are both progressive welfarist hawks.
  • Social Democracy - Hates my deregulation and fiscal responsibility. But also a fellow economic centrist and a triggerer of lolberts and contards.
  • Social Authoritarianism - I back the blue but justice too!
  • Pink Capitalism - More libertarian counterpart of mine, still calm down a bit, m'kay?
  • Girondism and La Plaineism - You both should've been the direction of the french revolution!

Mixed

  • Social Libertarianism - We are both economic centrists and UBI is ok, but most of you complain about me being a ”Woke Imperialist” and an ”Establishment Shill” as if that is a bad thing.
  • Classical Liberalism - My great-grandpa! Shame that he's another one of those "non-interventionists" and anti-regulation types...
  • Tridemism - Ok economics, but I prefer DPP to rule Taiwan. Sad to see you turning into a CCP shill.
  • Liberal Conservatism - Never Trumpers, Merkel and Gowin are cool but you are my rival in most of Europe and Canada!
  • Chicago School - Your economics are good, but can you focus on equality a little bit more?
  • Keynesian School - I support regulatory capitalism and welfare, but can you please be more fiscally responsible and more privatized?
  • Gaddafism - While he may be a totalitarian dictator, I like his idea of the "Third International Theory" and we had a brief alliance in the 2000s. But I still had to take him out when the time came.
  • Progressivism - Feminism and gay rights sound pretty cool! Just please don't bring up Iraq or Clinton banning gay marriage
  • Yeltsinism - Some say I helped you rig the 1996 Russian Election. Either way, we clashed over Chechnya. Still better than Putin.
  • Dengism - Sorry for bombing your embassy in Belgrade, 1999. But I let you join WTO and helped you integrate into the world economy. Unfortunately, Xi taking you back to the days of Mao so our alliance has come to an end.
  • PiS - Too conservative, but at least you're also a pro-NATO welfarist. And you're a Huge fan of Zelensky, too! But please leave Tusk and Trzaskowski alone.
  • Shia Theocracy - What I replaced Saddam in Iraq. In retrospect, after the rise of ISIS and Al-Qaeda, maybe I should’ve thought things through in beforehand.
  • Neo-Libertarianism - Right-wing version of me that is a bit too deregulated, but is still pro-NATO and pro-interventionist.
  • Khomeinism - Contrary what Republicans may say, the JCPOA (Iran Nuclear Deal) isn’t meant to appease you but rather to contain your influence in the Middle East. Also, I helped the Saudis bomb your proxy in Yemen.
  • National Liberalism - What's keeping you off the enemies list is the DPP and Ciudadanos being some of the most amazing friends I could ever ask for and to certain extent Bibi and Sternenko too. The rest of you are a bunch of xenophobic Brexit-loving trash.
  • Satirism - I'm not sure if I will enjoy your jokes and Your Obama Prism memes are the reasons some people don't take Obama seriously, but Stephen Colbert is super based.
  • Medvedevism - Preferable to Putin as we had a good partnership during the Russian Reset. But now you're insane.
  • Civic Nationalism - Most tolerable member of his family.
  • Patriotism - Sorry but you have the bronze medal.
  • Liberal Socialism - One of the better Socialists, at least you try to implement a bit of the market in order to achieve your goals. Kwaśniewski is great! But we needed to "borrow" ANC, Mandela still has profitable quotes.
  • Kemalism - Unsure about some of your economic and foreign policies. Still better than Erd*ğan by a long shot.
  • State Liberalism - This is just a strawman who is too deregulated and dogmatic economically. But Trudeau and Thaksin are close to you.
  • Christian Democracy - Not a fan of Theocracies but you seem to be nothing like your past self, decades ago. Merkel is great. Guildism is bearable for conservative populism.

Adversaries

  • Conservatism - Of course "Better dead than red". Your moderate factions are ok tho.
  • Socialism - No, not "Socialism", Social-ism!
  • Miloševićism - I bombed you for a reason.
  • Jihadism - Drone strike go brrr… Seriously tho, increasing drone strikes was a great idea. Excellent precision, spares American lives, and keeps down the anti-war sentiment at home.
  • Marxism–Leninism - Bloody tankies!
  • Left-Wing Populism and Democratic Socialism - Bloody Corbynites!
  • Putinism - Any hope I may have had for you in the past is gone now. NATO and EU shall bring your downfall. I will never forgive Schroder for betraying me.
  • Nazism - You're third position, not third way!
  • Fascism - Same with you!
  • Reactionary Liberalism - We may both be capitalist, but you're just an edgelord and you have nothing to do with liberalism. But Gilley, Bolsonaro and Japanese LDP like my foreign policy.
  • Democratic Confederalism - Yes, I helped Turkey capture Öcalan and yes, you are terrorists. Cope.
  • Ba'athism - bUt WhAtAbOoT eErAcK. I will never apologise for Iraq! And yes, I intervened in the Syrian civil war and bombed the f*ck out of you. Cry about it.
    • - Who must go?
  • Welfare Chauvinism - American Democrats > Swedish Democrats (even if the latter likes welfare more). But they both like NATO.
  • Right-Wing Populism - Utterly deplorable!
  • Paleoconservatism - I AM a Protestant! And I did not legalize Satanism, you codger!
  • State Atheism - Im also not this abomination. Hitchens and Dawkins are based tho.
  • Libertarianism - Naive non-interventionist coward, and the economy is too deregulated! And stop obsessing over guns!
  • Libertarian Conservatism - You basically combine the worst of both Libertarianism and Conservatism. Sure, Biden may be senile, but so is your overlord. I am not a Communist!
  • Paleolibertarianism - Like the one above, but worse and more insufferable. You're too long-nosed, Ronnie!
  • Conservative Socialism - I am not a Fascist!
  • National Bolshevism - Wow, a literal commie Fascist and extreme version of the above. You also take the worst of two worlds.
  • National Conservatism - Damn Trump-like reactionaries!
  • Korwinism - If Trump was a Pole.
  • Braunism - You're like the guy above but even more old-fashioned, outdated and conspiracist.
  • National Democracy - 4th place in the elections.
  • Alt-Lite - Can you stop comparing Libya and Iraq to Ukraine, Watson?!
  • Classical Conservatism - Bloody Enoch!
  • Neo-Ottomanism - I won't be as loose as Trump, one more outburst and I will sanction you!
  • Monarcho-Fascism - Salims that supported the overthrow of Thaksin and Yingluck. This is something akin to Valorum from Star Wars.
  • Fourth Theory - Damn Putinists...
  • Noam Chomsky - Defending Milošević? What the hell is wrong with you?
  • Barracks Communism - Not that Barack!
  • Alt-Right - Some moron who thinks I'm some sort of Jewish lizard controlling the world and releasing vaccines with microchips that turn frogs gay or something. That sounds pretty awesome, ngl.
  • Illegalism - Average anarchist.
  • Clerical Fascism - Literally Matt Walsh!

Further Information

For overlapping political theory, see
Neoliberalism, Progressivism, Social Democracy, Social Liberalism, State Liberalism and Radical Centrism.

Literature

Wikipedia

Parties and Organizations

YT Channels

Videos

Online Communities

Images

And Justice for all by Michael D’Antuono

Gallery

  • Credit: OzymndiasFR, Third Way is used as the Ideology of Justin Trudeau.

    Credit: OzymndiasFR, Third Way is used as the Ideology of Justin Trudeau.

  • Credit: K-Tech, Source

    Credit: K-Tech, Source

Notes

  1. ↑ Carl Bildt generally sided with the Democrats such as Clinton, Obama, and Biden in US elections, despise populism and traditionalism. He also reformed and privatized the Swedish welfare state without abolishing it.
  2. ↑ Since the 1990s, Hillary has identified as a progressive, in reference to the original movements of the late 19th and early 20th century. It is likely she is referring to a form of social liberalism without the alleged negative connotations.
  3. ↑ Obama has attempted to minimize the perceivably inhumane effects of free trade (e.g., deindustrialization) by creating tax incentives to "keep American jobs at home" and writing enviornmental and labor protections into free trade agreements; meanwhile slapping tariffs to counter "unfair Chinese foreign competition". Despite this, Obama has denied being a protectionist.
  4. ↑ Edi Rama speaks highly of British culture, values, and leaders, including Tony Blair (whom he claims inspired his ideological beliefs)Margaret Thatcher. This is in spite of his current feud with the British government over Albanian immigration and crime.
  5. ↑ Trudeau supports criminalization of hate speech and misgendering, pushed Internet censorship of conservatives and imposed diversity quotas on corporations.
  6. ↑ Trudeau's use of military action to bust a wildcat strike (the trucker's convoy in 2022) can be seen as an act of strike busting.
  7. ↑ For this reason, authoritarian regimes like Eduard Shevardnadze, Thaksin Shinawatra, and Milo Djukanovic are considered Third Way, as they blended neoliberal reforms with Keynesian policies and a center-left aesthetic (the last man on that list being a member of a self-proclaimed democratic socialist party).
  8. ↑ See the Labour Party in New Zealand in the 1980s under financial minister Roger Douglas and various Third Way PMs after him, for example; while they pursued aggressive deregulation and tax breaks, which made New Zealand one of the most economically free countries in the world, they still nevertheless maintained the social democratic aesthetic of yesteryear.
  9. ↑ Anthony Giddens believes the terms "equality" and "inclusion" are synonymous, since people being able to participate in a collaborative community makes everyone better off. This relates to the concept of distributive justice.

Citations

  1. ↑ "Tony Blair's New Labour vision 1994", AustralianPolitics.com. 4 October 1994.
  2. ↑ Sachs supported (and gave advice) to Bernie Sanders in 2020.
  3. ↑ "Tony Blair tells Keir Starmer to drop «woke politics» and focus on the economy. - Labour Party", TheGuardian. 13 May 2022.
  4. ↑ https://soc.kuleuven.be/io/english/european-party-monitor/montenegro/party-system
  5. ↑ "Hillary Clinton: More Progressive than Thou", NYTimes. 17 January 2016.
  6. ↑ Hillary Clinton embraced protectionist policies and railed against "failed trade deals" (even ones her husband supported), possibly to win the support of blue-collar Trump supporters and because of her ties to big businesses whom lobby for decreasing foreign competition.
  7. ↑ "Barack Obama takes on 'woke' call-out culture: 'That's not activism'", Youtube.com.
  8. ↑ Milliband believed that immigrants should be capable of integrating into British culture and society, going against the mainstream pro-immigration stance of Labour.
  9. ↑ "Kosovo is NOT a Feminist government", Kosovo 2.0.
  10. ↑ [1], Vox News English.
  11. ↑ "Links to the Sinaloa cartel? Rama is «irritated»: I have left God to you! I have no affiliation with such groups"
  12. ↑ [2], Youtube.com.
  13. ↑ What is the Third Way?, BBC News
  14. ↑ [3], INews.kr.

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