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'''Cardosoism''' is an economically center-right, culturally left-wing and liberal ideology representing the beliefs of the Ex-President of Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso de Mello. | '''Cardosoism''' is an economically center-right, culturally left-wing and liberal ideology representing the beliefs of the Ex-President of Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso de Mello. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:FHC.png]]] Cardoso, often nicknamed "FHC", was elected with the support of a heterodox alliance of his own [[File:PSDB.png]] Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) and two right-wing parties, the [[File:BrazilPFL.png]] Liberal Front Party (PFL) and the [[File:PTBreact.png]] Brazilian Labour Party (PTB). Brazil's largest party, the centrist Party of the [[File:MDB(Brazil).png]] Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB), joined Cardoso's governing coalition after the election, as did the right-wing [[File:BrazilPP.png]] Brazilian Progressive Party (PPB) in 1996. | |||
Cardoso's presidency saw institutional advancements in human [[File:Humanismpix.png]] rights, beginning with a national secretariat and a new government program, discussed with civil society, to address the issue. On 8 January 1996, he issued the controversial Decree 1775, which created a framework for the clear demarcation of [[File:Native.png]] indigenous territories, but which, as part of the process, opened indigenous territories to counterclaims by adjacent [[File:Timocracy.png]] landowners. In 2000, Cardoso demanded the disclosure of some classified [[File:Strato.png]] military files concerning [[File:OperationCondor.png]] Operation Condor, a network of South American military dictatorships that kidnapped and assassinated political opponents. | |||
FHC was the first Brazilian President to address the inequality and the enormous gap between rich and poor. He started the following [[File:Welf.png]] programs: Bolsa Escola, the Auxílio Gás, the Bolsa Alimentação, and the Cartão Alimentação. | |||
His wife, [[File:Libfem.png]] Ruth Cardoso, focused on unifying [[File:Socdem.png]] transfer programs aimed at helping people suffering from poverty and hunger., by means of a program based on the idea that educating the poor could help raise them out of poverty. | |||
During his | Cardoso's administration deepened the [[File:Neolib.png]] privatization program launched by president [[File:Collor.png]] Fernando Collor de Mello. During his first term, several [[File:StateCap.png]] government-owned enterprises in areas such as steel milling, telecommunications and mining, such as Telebras and Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, were sold to the private sector, the deepest denationalisation in Brazilian history, amidst a polarized political debate between [[File:Neolib.png]] "neoliberals" and [[File:EconNat.png]] "developmentalists". Economists still contend over its long-term effects; some research suggests that companies sold by the government achieved better profitability as a result of their disengagement from the state. | ||
Despite the sale of public assets, the years 1995 to 2002 saw a rise of the total public debt from 30% to 55.5% of GDP. Economists aligned with his government argued that this was due to external factors outside the control of the administration at the time, such as the devaluation of the Brazilian real and the growth of the share of the debt denominated in US dollars. Nevertheless, devaluation of the currency was an instrument of monetary policy used right after his reelection, when the real pegged to the dollar led to a financial crisis that saw the country lose much of its foreign reserve fund and raise its interest rates on government bonds to very high levels as he tried to stabilize the currency under a new [[File:Bankocracy.png]] free-floating regime. With this economic shift, the greatest achievement of Cardoso – his landmark | |||
of [[File:Anti-Inflation.png]] lowering of inflation – was maintained, but his popularity plummeted. | |||
Given his previous experience as Minister of Foreign Affairs and his prestige as an internationally famous sociologist, he was respected on the world scene, building friendships with such leaders as [[File:Clintonism.png]] Bill Clinton and [[File:AuthNeolib.png]] Ernesto Zedillo. Although he was respected abroad, in [[File:Cball-Brazil.png]] Brazil he had problems gaining support in [[File:Parl.png]] Congress for government priorities and among people in general. As a result, major reforms planned by the executive branch, such as changes in the [[File:Tax.png]] tax system and to social security, were only partially approved and only after long discussion. Although claiming to still support [[File:Socdem.png]] social democracy, his economic policies led people on the left to identify him with [[File:Neolib.png]] neoliberalism and right-wing politics, terms that often carry a very negative connotation in Latin American political debate and academic circles. | |||
He also experienced personal problems with former ally [[File:ItamarFranco.png]] Itamar Franco, his predecessor and later became Governor of Minas Gerais, a fierce opponent of his administrative reforms that saw the state lose its capacity to contract debt and forced a reduction of local government spending. Cardoso was also criticized for amending the [[File:Consti.png]] constitution to his own benefit, allowing him to stay eight years in office. His popularity in his first four years, gained with the success of Plano Real, decreased during his last four years as the currency crisis was followed by lower economic growth and employment rates, greater public debt, growing political dissent, low levels of investment in appropriate infrastructure, and, finally, an energy crisis caused by an unexpected drought, as over 80% of Brazil's electricity is hydroelectric. He publicly admitted that he could have done more for public security and for the creation of new jobs, but defended his policies in areas such as health and education. | |||
Cardoso's administration was accused of [[File:Klep.png]] bribing congressmen to pass a constitutional amendment that secured FHC the right to seek reelection, which he eventually won. | |||
==Personality and Behaviour== | ==Personality and Behaviour== | ||
Cardosoism is very educated and (somewhat) philosophical. He loves privatization and deeregulation, and would privatize the entire FreePCB if he got any chance. He also loves to travel to foreign countries. | Cardosoism is very educated and (somewhat) philosophical. He loves privatization and deeregulation, and would privatize the entire FreePCB if he got any chance. He also loves to travel to foreign countries. | ||
Revision as of 01:27, 23 June 2024
Cardosoism is an economically center-right, culturally left-wing and liberal ideology representing the beliefs of the Ex-President of Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso de Mello.
History
] Cardoso, often nicknamed "FHC", was elected with the support of a heterodox alliance of his own 
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) and two right-wing parties, the 
Liberal Front Party (PFL) and the 
Brazilian Labour Party (PTB). Brazil's largest party, the centrist Party of the .png){kind=small}
Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB), joined Cardoso's governing coalition after the election, as did the right-wing 
Brazilian Progressive Party (PPB) in 1996.
Cardoso's presidency saw institutional advancements in human 
rights, beginning with a national secretariat and a new government program, discussed with civil society, to address the issue. On 8 January 1996, he issued the controversial Decree 1775, which created a framework for the clear demarcation of 
indigenous territories, but which, as part of the process, opened indigenous territories to counterclaims by adjacent 
landowners. In 2000, Cardoso demanded the disclosure of some classified 
military files concerning 
Operation Condor, a network of South American military dictatorships that kidnapped and assassinated political opponents.
FHC was the first Brazilian President to address the inequality and the enormous gap between rich and poor. He started the following 
programs: Bolsa Escola, the Auxílio Gás, the Bolsa Alimentação, and the Cartão Alimentação.
His wife, 
Ruth Cardoso, focused on unifying 
transfer programs aimed at helping people suffering from poverty and hunger., by means of a program based on the idea that educating the poor could help raise them out of poverty.
Cardoso's administration deepened the 
privatization program launched by president 
Fernando Collor de Mello. During his first term, several File:StateCap.png government-owned enterprises in areas such as steel milling, telecommunications and mining, such as Telebras and Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, were sold to the private sector, the deepest denationalisation in Brazilian history, amidst a polarized political debate between "neoliberals" and 
"developmentalists". Economists still contend over its long-term effects; some research suggests that companies sold by the government achieved better profitability as a result of their disengagement from the state.
Despite the sale of public assets, the years 1995 to 2002 saw a rise of the total public debt from 30% to 55.5% of GDP. Economists aligned with his government argued that this was due to external factors outside the control of the administration at the time, such as the devaluation of the Brazilian real and the growth of the share of the debt denominated in US dollars. Nevertheless, devaluation of the currency was an instrument of monetary policy used right after his reelection, when the real pegged to the dollar led to a financial crisis that saw the country lose much of its foreign reserve fund and raise its interest rates on government bonds to very high levels as he tried to stabilize the currency under a new 
free-floating regime. With this economic shift, the greatest achievement of Cardoso – his landmark
of 
lowering of inflation – was maintained, but his popularity plummeted.
Given his previous experience as Minister of Foreign Affairs and his prestige as an internationally famous sociologist, he was respected on the world scene, building friendships with such leaders as 
Bill Clinton and 
Ernesto Zedillo. Although he was respected abroad, in 
Brazil he had problems gaining support in 
Congress for government priorities and among people in general. As a result, major reforms planned by the executive branch, such as changes in the 
tax system and to social security, were only partially approved and only after long discussion. Although claiming to still support social democracy, his economic policies led people on the left to identify him with neoliberalism and right-wing politics, terms that often carry a very negative connotation in Latin American political debate and academic circles.
He also experienced personal problems with former ally 
Itamar Franco, his predecessor and later became Governor of Minas Gerais, a fierce opponent of his administrative reforms that saw the state lose its capacity to contract debt and forced a reduction of local government spending. Cardoso was also criticized for amending the 
constitution to his own benefit, allowing him to stay eight years in office. His popularity in his first four years, gained with the success of Plano Real, decreased during his last four years as the currency crisis was followed by lower economic growth and employment rates, greater public debt, growing political dissent, low levels of investment in appropriate infrastructure, and, finally, an energy crisis caused by an unexpected drought, as over 80% of Brazil's electricity is hydroelectric. He publicly admitted that he could have done more for public security and for the creation of new jobs, but defended his policies in areas such as health and education.
Cardoso's administration was accused of 
bribing congressmen to pass a constitutional amendment that secured FHC the right to seek reelection, which he eventually won.
Personality and Behaviour
Cardosoism is very educated and (somewhat) philosophical. He loves privatization and deeregulation, and would privatize the entire FreePCB if he got any chance. He also loves to travel to foreign countries.
Relationships
Friends
Third Way - Mixes the best of both 
worlds
.
Neoliberalism - I started the biggest deeregulation efforts Brazil ever seen. The economy was fully deeregulated, price caps were removed, and companies were privatized.
Toucanism - My beloved political party.
Social Liberalism and 
Social Capitalism - Despite my support to Neoliberalism, I still cared about the poor, and I supported many policies to redistribute wealth.
Monetarism - Togheter we ended hyperinflation! Don't search for "Samba Effect".
Moderatism - The path to progress is stick to moderation and reform.
Itamarism - Thank you Mr. Franco for appointing me as Minister of the Economy. If it wasn't you, I could never have accended into the position of president.
Frenemies
Workerism - I disliked you back then when you were a dirty Socialist, but you became acceptable over the time when you accepted that Capitalism is the future.
Sarneyism - You saved Brazil from a new dictatorship, but you were awful.
Temerism - Why do you hate the poor so much?- Social Democracy - Love this guy. We agree on almost everything. He is too moderate, and is not too fond of my large scale privatization program and Neoliberalism.
Conservatism - Way better in the 90's when you actually weren't crazy enough to become 
him, and cared about protecting us from 
Commies.
Enemies
State Capitalism - The efficiency of the market is indubitably. Cope- Bolsonarism - Disgusting
Reactionary. 
ARENAism - You were just evil, and I can't believe people still support you. Thanks god I managed to flee Brazil before you catch me.
Medicism - You are literally the Brazilian 
Hitler!
Further Information
 Liberals - Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité 
| |
 Main
|
|
|---|---|
 Regional
|
 Sarneyism
|
 Self-Inserts
|
File:FPCB Reform.png FreePCB Reformism |
 Libertarian Right - Dodging taxes since 1776 
| |
 Moderate
|
 Coolidgism
|
|---|---|
| Main
|
|
| Self Insert
|
 Schumacherianism
|