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Hoppeanism, sometimes also referred to as Conservative Anarcho-Capitalism, is a Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Culturally right-wing tendency within Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Anarcho-Capitalism which puts emphasis on the importance of exclusionary behaviour (ostracism), communitarianism, social conservatism (and its compatibility and complementation with libertarianism), and the opposition to Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Democracy if one is to maintain the continuous existence of the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination libertarian social order.[2]

Despite being named after the German economist Hans-Hermann Hoppe, the ideology itself can be tracked back before Hoppe, to the founder of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Anarcho-Capitalism, Murray Rothbard, as well as Lew Rockwell, in the form of the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Paleolibertarian movement (although generally distinguished from the wider movement by being fundamentally Anarcho-Capitalist, instead of just generally). Hoppe having done some particular contributions, although these were generally also recognized by Rothbard, making it sort of redundant to call Hoppeanism an ideology of its own due to the fact that it overlaps with Rothbardian Anarcho-Capitalism almost entirely. The ideology is prominent within and associated with the think tank Mises Institute (as such it's represented by it's symbol).

Due to memes regarding the helicopters the ideology is associated with Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Neo-Pinochetism, although it is important to note that, despite this meme being quite popular within political communities, Hoppe, and most thinkers associated, do not actually favour throwing Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Socialists out of helicopters, merely favouring ostracism and exclusion from the property of the residents of certain "covenant community" (as he calls private communities).[3]

Beliefs

Argumentation Ethics

One of the inputs which Hoppe made to Anarcho-Capitalism, although also recognized by Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Anarcho-Capitalism's creator, Murray Rothbard, as "a dazzling breakthrough for political philosophy in general and for libertarianism in particular"[4] is argumentation ethics, which could, in short, be defined as proof provided by Hoppe for the ethics of right-libertarian conception of property rights developed in 1988. It aims to prove that arguing against the right-libertarian interpretation of self-ownership (which extends the concept to include control of private property as part of the self[5]) is contradictory and thus not logically coherent. Although this, at first, could sound like something that would come to be a widely popular theory within Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Libertarian circles, the reception was mixed.[6]

To explain it briefly, Hoppe takes note that, to have an argument, one must presupose self-ownership and thus certain norms, such as, and being the main one, non-violence among the participants, and that one must be able to act; these norms were named the "a priori of argumentation" (APoA) by Hoppe.
Hoppe then says that, to argue against Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Anarcho-Capitalism, which he argues is the most pure expression of self-ownership, is to argue against self-ownership itself, thus one's proposition must be denying the fundamental presupposed propositions of argumentation, while in the course of argumentation, denying their own self-ownership. Thus, if one argues against self-ownership, then they're involved in a performative contradiction which empties the argument of its meaning, since argumentation also presupposes the law of non-contradiction.[7]

Private Law Society

Following the teachings of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Murray Rothbard, Hoppe uses Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Austrian economic theory to analyze the behavior of the state. He defines the state as the "monopoly over jurisdiction and tax collection within a territory" and assumes that it's only the personal interest of the functionaries of the state the reason why they utilize their monopolical privileges to maximize their own power and wealth.

To Hoppe, and many other Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Libertarians, especially within the Austrian tradition, a monopoly doesn't imply a big participation on certain market exercised by a corporation, but when there is lack of entrepreneurial freedom to enter certain market and produce certain good or service, as we can currently see with services such as law.
Under this perspective, monopolies can't appear, at least by definition, on a completely free market since they're always the result of some state policy which bans the competition on a market or subsidizes competitors within certain markets.
Coercive monopolies are detrimental to consumers since prices tend to go up and quality tends to go down to those that could be found on a completely free market. Similarly to Rothbard, Hoppe has conjectured that if the services now provided by the government could be provided by the free market, private insurances and law agencies would provide a better protection and more peaceful disputes resolution than the ones currently under the monopoly of the state.[8][9]

He has also theorized in favor of secession of Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination small city-states or microstates as being favorable to individual liberty, as a transition towards definitive privatization, which is to say, a society of private law, as Hoppe calls it, or Anarcho-Capitalism. Related to it, he's also said that a Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination One World Government is the logical consequence of the existence of the state, which naturally tends towards centralization and growth, and that being a non-anarchist and also being against centralization is non-consequential (comment directed to Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination minarchists and Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination classical liberalists, who are generally favorable to political decentralization, but also of a minimal state).[10]
He's also established which would be the criteria of contracts in a society of private right, especially regarding externalities and insurance/indemnities.

Theory of Comparative Government

In his book, titled as "Democracy - The God that Failed," Hoppe contrasts and compares western Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Dynastic Monarchies against Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Democratic Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Republics. To Hoppe, a dynastic monarch (a king or queen) is technically the owner of the country, at least from their point of view, since property is passed generationally, and is able to be sold; on the other hand a president elected democratically is like a "caretaker" or a "lessee."
Both the king and the president have incentives to exploit the country that they are in charge of in their self-gain, whether it's power, wealth, or both. The difference resides in the time preference of both. In the same way that the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination owner of a house has inherent interest in maintaining the house's "capital value" (contrasting with the Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination tenant) in the long run, in a democracy, due to being temporal (with a higher time preference) rulers, functionaries democratically elected have all the incentives to sack the wealth of the productive citizens as soon and as fast as they're able to, without caring of anything that might happen to the country as a whole, much less caring about what might happen after their period in office is up, and, since they only have access to the government revenue but not to the actual capital, they only focus on increasing taxes without caring for its effect on the prosperity of the country, thus leading to more government exploitation and slowing the civilization process of increasing real incomes and decreasing social time preference more than a monarchical system (or even reversing it).
Another issue Hoppe sees with democracy, is that since what the public sector controls is inalienable (for instance, schools, public hospitals, police stations, or even the country itself) and doesn't have market prices, their value can't be calculated, thus not only exploitation will tend to increase but it will also do so less rationally.

In June 2005, Hoppe gave an interview to the German newspaper "Junge Freiheit," where he qualified monarchy, although he's not a Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination monarchist himself, as a lesser evil compared to Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination democracy, and said "Liberty over Democracy!". In the same interview, Hoppe also condemned the French revolution and said it belonged in "the same group of vile revolutions such as the Bolshevik Revolution or the Nazi Revolution" since they all had provoked "regicide, egalitarianism, democracy, socialism, hatred for religion, terrorist measures, mass looting, rapes, homicides, conscription, and an ideological and total war."[11]

Immigration

The opinion of Hans-Hermann Hoppe on immigration[12][13] has been controversial, to say the least, among Libertarian circles, since traditionally, Libertarians defend liberty of movement as a key component of civil liberty and economic freedom. Hoppe has responded to these opinions by his critics, especially on the Left-Libertarian sphere, commenting in his book "Natural Order, The State, and The Immigration problem."

Another motive for the enthusiasm for open borders among modern Left-Libertarians is their egalitarianism. What got them into Libertarianism when they were young were the ideas of "anti-authoritarianism" and the aparent "tolerance" in particular towards "alternative" ways of life (non-bourgeois). Nevertheless, they have ended up stagnant in that phase of mental development once reached adulthood. They express special "sensibility" for any kind of discrimination as they find convenient, Left-Libertarians are living at the expense of others. They indulge in their "alternative" lifestyles without having to pay the usual price for such conduct, namely discrimination and exclusion. To legitimize such actions, they insist all lifestyles are equally acceptable. This leads first to multiculturalism, then to cultural relativism, and finally to “open borders”.[13]

This critique of Hoppe is based on the right of private property, by which legitimate residents of certain community have the right to exclude others from their property as they wish convenient, exercising their right to private property. It is clear, thus, that Hoppe, as many other Libertarians, understand that freedom is only able to exist if there is private property to carry it out.
As well as private owners being able to discriminate new-comers (and any kinds of people) as they see fit, they can also band together with other owners and forms pacts with the same purpose.

Exclusionism

Related to the last point about property owners being able to discriminate against certain kinds of people as they deem convenient, Hoppe regarded exclusion towards certain kinds of people, whom he regarded as "undesirables," such as Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Communists and Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Democracy advocators, as a positive. He regarded these previously mentioned groups as a direct threat to liberty and property, especially in the long run.

Owners may agree on the creation of a covenant community and of a restrictive covenant of some sort, as a viable way of keeping certain groups out of the community. A community might establish some terms for the entry into said community and thus not let in those who do not agree with the terms. For example, by contract, in certain community, socialists may be excluded. However, Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Anarcho-Capitalist writer, Walter Block, has critiqued this conception of exclusionism saying that "It is entirely possible that some areas of the country, parts of Gotham and San Francisco for example, will require this practice, and ban, entirely, heterosexuality. If this is done through contract, private property rights, restrictive covenants, it will be entirely compatible with the libertarian legal code",[14] in short saying that this, what Hoppe proposes, can backfire and end up in the exclusion of what Hoppe defends, such as traditional ways of life, for example; thus making Anarcho-Capitalism neither (culturally) left-wing nor right-wing.

Anarcho-Capitalism

It is important to remember that Hoppeanism is first and foremost a rebranded version of Anarcho-Capitalism and is not separable from it. Nonetheless, Hoppe is controversial within Anarcho-Capitalist and Libertarian circles. With resentment of Hoppe (and Hoppe specifically) being in some cases so aggressive that it caused Murray Rothbard to coin the term 'Hoppephobia', and write an article on the topic.[15]

How to Draw

Flag of Hoppeanism
  1. Draw a Ball.
  2. Draw the AnCap Flag.
  3. Draw the Von Mises Coat of Arms.
    1. Draw a 4 quarter Shield.
    2. Make Top-Right and Bottom Left quarters Light Blue and the other two light Grey.
    3. Through the Grey quarters draw a thick red line.
    4. (Optional) Draw an opened Bible in bottom left corner and a Caduceus in the top right
  4. Draw the eyes, and you're done.

Relationships

Friends

Frenemies

Enemies

Further Information

Wikipedia

Organizations related to Hoppe

Videos

Literature

Sources

  1. ↑ https://www.hoppean.org/article/ordonaturalism-as-the-opposite-of-anarcho-tyranny-a-new-conceptual-framework-for-the-right-libertarian
  2. ↑ Democracy - The God that Failed by Hans-Hermann Hoppe, ch. 1, 3, 9, and 10; 2001
  3. ↑ Hoppe speaks on Physical Removal - no helicopters, sorry
  4. ↑ Symposium (November 1988). "Hans-Hermannn Hoppe's Argumentation Ethics: Breakthrough or Buncombe?" (PDF). Liberty. 2 (2): 44–54.
  5. ↑ "The Economics and Ethics of Private Property" by Hans-Hermann Hoppe; 1993
  6. ↑ Kinsella, Stephan (March 13, 2009). "Revisiting Argumentation Ethics". Mises Economics Blog. Ludwig von Mises Institute.
  7. ↑ "The Ultimate Justification of Private Property" (PDF). Hans-Hermann Hoppe (September 1988).
  8. ↑ The Idea of a Private Law Society by Hans-Hermann Hoppe (2006).
  9. ↑ Democracy - The God that Failed, ch. 12 "On Government and the Private Production of Defense", by Hans-Hermann Hoppe; 2001
  10. ↑ Democracy - The God that Failed, ch. 5 "On Centralization and Secession", by Hans-Hermann Hoppe; 2001
  11. ↑ "Freiheit statt Demokratie" Der libertäre Vordenker und bekennende "Antidemokrat" Hans-Hermann Hoppe über seine provokanten Thesen / The libertarian thought leader and avowed "anti-democrat" Hans-Hermann Hoppe on his provocative theses (2005).
  12. ↑ On Free Immigration and Forced Integration by Hans-Hermann Hoppe.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Natural Order, The State, and The Immigration Problem by Hans-Hermann Hoppe (2002).
  14. ↑ Walter Block (Loyola University New Orleans), "Libertarianism is unique; it belongs neither to the right nor the left: a critique of the views of Long, Holcombe, and Baden on the left, Hoppe, Feser and Paul on the right" published at Ludwig von Mises Institute website, pp. 22–23.
  15. ↑ Hoppephobia, Rothbard
  16. ↑ Democracy - The God that Failed, ch. 3 "On Monarchy, Democracy, Public Opinion, and Delegitimation", by Hans-Hermann Hoppe; 2001
  17. ↑ Introduction to Getting Libertarianism Right, Sean Gabb
  18. ↑ Getting Libertarianism Right, Chapter 3, Hoppe
  19. ↑ Why Mises (and not Hayek)? by Hans-Hermann Hoppe; 2011
  20. ↑ Democracy - The God that Failed, ch. 6 "On Socialism and Desocialization", by Hans-Hermann Hoppe; 2001
  21. ↑ Inmigration and Libertarianism
  22. ↑ Democracy - The God that Failed by Hans-Hermann Hoppe, ch. 10; 2001
  23. ↑ Lew Rockwell, introduction to Hoppe's A Short History of Man(2015), Auburn, Mississippi: Mises Institute, p. 9

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