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European Federalism or Eurofederalism, sometimes called Europeanism, is a Pan-Nationalist ideology focused on creation of a federal and usually democratic superstate, uniting European nations.

History

Ancient Rome

The Roman Republic and Roman Empire had a significant influence on the Europeanist ideology. The Roman Empire was the only nation that to this day, at its peak in 117 AD controlled majority of European continent and was the first ever Pan-European state. Rome spread its laws, culture, philosophy and later Christianity throughout Europe, forming the foundation for Pan-European identity.

Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire

With the coronation of Charlemagne as the Emperor of Rome in the idea of a sole sovereign Emperor would re-emerge in the West. The idea of the Holy Roman Empire possessing a special sovereignty as a Universal Monarchy was respected by the surrounding powers and subject states, even when that Empire had undergone severe fragmentation.

Otto's Universalism

Ruling since 996 to 1002 AD Holy Roman Emperor Otto III dreamed of a united Europe, creating a concept of universal Holy Roman Empire that would consist of 4 lands: Germania, Italia, Galia and Sclavinia, effectively creating a Pan-European universal monarchy centered around the Holy Roman Emperor.

Renaissance and Dante Alighieri

Italian Poet Dante Alighieri saw the reality he lived in as decadent and in civilizational decay. He compared his homeland, Florence to Babylon and said it was ruled by the lazy, dumb and malicious. The solution for that problem in his opinion was his concept of universal European monarchy. In Dante's opinion an Emperor already possesses everything so he can't fall to greed or envy. Alighieri's Universal Empire was to become a state that would fulfill all needs of its subjects, both material welfare and spiritual salvation. The Emperor was to be the servant of his people's, of which the dominant one would be Italians as the inheritors of Rome.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Another influence on Eurofederalism was French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte. The conquests of the First French Empire were another attempt to unite all of the European continent under single authority. They also had a significant influence in spreading the ideas of constitutionalism, nationalism and republicanism to all European nations. According to Felix Markham, during a conversation on St. Helena, Napoleon Bonaparte himself remarked: "Europe thus divided into nationalities freely formed and free internally, peace between States would have become easier: the United States of Europe would become a possibility".

Pan-Europa Movement

The Pan-Europa movement was created shortly after the publication of Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi's 1923 manifesto Paneuropa, which presented the idea of a unified European State. This movement, led by Coudenhove-Kalergi and subsequently by Otto von Habsburg, is the oldest European unification movement. His ideas influenced Aristide Briand, who gave a speech in favour of a European Union in the League of Nations on 8 September 1929, and in 1930, who wrote his "Memorandum on the Organization of a Regime of European Federal Union" for the Government of France.

After World War II

European Economic Community and Schuman Plan

Created as the continuation of European Coal and Steel Community, spearheaded by French and German Christian Democrats, The EEC was meant to bind European nations together economically and bring their political and economic interests closer to prevent the possibility of another war between Europeans. While the EEC was far from anything resembling a federal state, it was something that Eurofederalists believed could in time evolve in a more integrated construct and someday a European Federation. One of EEC architects Jean Monnet believed that the EEC can be used as a tool for graudual centralization of political authority in Europe, justyfing it with common economic interest it would gradually turn into a Federal European Republic.

Europe a Nation

Another Post-WW2 proponent of a united European state was a former British Fascist leader Oswald Mosley. In his book The Alternative publicized in 1947, he argued that the traditional vision of nationalism that had been followed by the various shades of pre-war fascism had been too narrow in scope and that the post-war era required a new paradigm in which Europe would come together as a single state. Although Mosley rejected any notions for Federal Europe, instead calling for creation of a unitary European fascist republic, his idea of Europe a Nation was the first example of a far-right vision of united Europe.

Eurocommunists

Eurocommunists were a revisionist communist movement, that said they had developed a theory and practice of social transformation more relevant for Western Europe. One of the founding fathers of the European Union, Altiero Spinelli was a prominent figure among the Eurocommunist movement. After the war, Spinelli, leading the European Federalist Movement, played an important role in the early episodes of European integration, criticising the small steps approach and the dominance of intergovernmentalism, feeling even that the chance to unite Europe had been missed as sovereign states were re-established without any common bond other than the functionalist OEEC and the largely symbolic Council of Europe. Even the European Coal and Steel Community was felt to be too sectoral. The EFM believed governments alone would never relinquish their national power without popular pressure. They advocated a European constituent assembly to draft a European Constitution.

Modern World

European Union

Just like with its predecessor, EEC, Eurofederalists see the modern EU as another stepping stone on the process of federalization. The debate between the future of EU is currently focused between 2 direction it may take. The decentralized "Europe of Nations" which is supported by people that would like to come back to more purely economic cooperation of EEC and "United States of Europe" which is supported by people that believe in Eurofederalism. One of the leading Eurofederalist organizations, other than the old European Federalist Movement, that works within the framework of the European Union is the Pan-European technoliberal party called Volt Europa.

Identitarians

While many identitarians generally dismiss the European Union as "corrupt" and "authoritarian". The Identitarian movement remains under the strong influence of ethnonationalism that prevents it from completely rejecting the Eurofederalist idea, the voices for a creation of Pan-European political body to protect European civilization from influences of Chinese and Americans are common among its members.

Richard B. Spencer

Richard B. Spencer is an alt-right commentator who is critical of "euroskepticism". Despite being an outspoken critic of the current European Union, he supports the idea of Pan-Europeanism, which is a view held by people in the identitarian movement.

Imperium Evropa

Eurofascists

Eurofascists are a group of Fascists who,while they hate the current EU and Liberalism,believe that European Unity is the only way forward,since all other World Powers are hostile to the people of Europe too.

How to Draw

Flag of European Federalism
  1. Draw a ball and color it Navy Blue.
  2. Draw a circle of 12 golden stars.
  3. Add eyes.
  4. Done.
Color Name HEX RGB
Navy Blue #006AA7 0, 106, 167
Gold #FFFF00 255, 255, 0


Relationships

Friends of Europa

Just Business

  • British Fascism - Why do you insist on unitarism? Only federal Europe is sustainable.
  • Universal Monarchism - Not really a Federal Europe, but good try.
  • Multiculturalism - Everybody's welcome! As long as you don't do anything stupid that is.
  • US Democrats and US Republicans - "Friends", depending on the president. Although I like them a lot more.
  • Nordic Model - Based Scandinavians! Except Norway and Iceland.
    • Jeg gir deg ikke oljen min!
    • I wanted to join during the recession, but it's good now. Nei takk.
  • Walter Hallstein - Our other less talked about founder.
  • Neoconservatism - NATO is good and all, but the EU army will be better, even though I don't want to spend 2% on the military. Not to mention I wanna become less dependent on the Yanks.
    • Okay, I'm all for the EU Army. When are you going to apologize for calling me braindead?
    • Uhh, yeah, about that... That was in 2019, but still. It may have sounded rude, but hopefully this was a wake-up call for you.
  • World Federalism - We seem to have similar values, but you take it one step farther than I am ready for.
  • Eurocommunism - I like that you too desire a united Europe, but please cut it out with all that communism stuff.
  • Syncretic Populism - Grillo hates me, Zelensky likes me.
  • Democratic Socialism - Mostly another annoying Eurosceptic, though some of his American supporters seem to have a weird crush on me. Also George Orwell apparently supported me, so that's something.
  • Canadian Liberalism - Damn, some of your supporters REALLY seem to have a crush on me. You wouldn't exactly qualify as a European nation, but you could maybe still join if you wanna I guess.
  • Separatism - A lot of annoying Eurosceptics here as well, but the SNP really likes me, so that's cool.
  • Gaullism - I'm glad some of your modern variants are more supportive of me, but I still remember when De Gaulle vetoed Britain from joining the EEC.
    • Hey, I told you not to trust Britain.
  • Dengism - You were a good trading partner in the past but it seems like we'll be going separate ways due to your increasing authoritarianism. We'll also stay out of Taiwan crisis.
  • Zhivkovism - You are a communist and an ethnic nationalist, but at least you were somewhat close to the west if compared with the rest of Eastern Europe. Yet I'm glad the flag of Europe is used for your birthday celebrations since 2012!
  • Helvetic Model - Still waiting for him to stop being so stubborn and JOIN US ALREADY! But other than that we're good.
    • Nein, danke.
  • American Model - Overall okay, but I wish I could choose my own security instead of relying on a few thousand voters in Pennsylvania every four years. Spending 2% on military is hard, also school shootings and no healthcare lol
  • Kaczysm - How's Putinflation going?
  • Neo-Ottomanism - We had a good thing going for us at the start, but then you became increasingly more auth, so I had to froze your EU application. Not to mention that most of our members don't really like you that much.
    • Pfft, umurumda değil. Never liked this "European family" bs anyway. Plus, the Balkans are of rightful Ottoman clay.

Eurosceptics and Other Anti-Europeans

  • Euroscepticism - Garbage people who are trying to divide us.
  • Putinism - The Russian threat! You are the true Fourth Reich! We stand with Ukraine! We used to be somewhat friendly though.
  • Lukashism - The rogue threat! We must stop him before he destroys our unity.
  • Ethnonationalism & Racial Nationalism - One people. THE EUROPEAN PEOPLE.
  • Jihadism - STOP TERRORIZING MY CITIZENS!!!!
  • Right-Wing Populism - Very dangerous to our democracy.
  • Faragism - Cringe Brexit! Are you happy now?!
  • Korwinism - I'm not the fourth Reich, you bigot!
  • Reactionary Liberalism - Similar to the two previous one above him. Stop saying that I'm a e neo-marxist plot!
  • Borisism - So how's Brexit going for you?
  • Orbanism - I can't wait for Hunexit to become real so I don't hear any more of your whining.
  • Bennism - No, we're not "building an empire" for now and we aren't "fundamentally undemocratic".
  • Khomeinism - Sanctions go brrrrrrrr
  • Fourth Theory - Utter insanity.
  • Nazism - You oppressed and killed millions of Europeans! What do you mean Hallstein served in the Wehrmacht?
  • Marxism–Leninism - Same with you! Eurocommunism isn't bad though...

Gallery

Further Information

Online Communities

Videos

Notes

  1. ↑ Although the term "Pro-European" implies approval of the European Union, it is not inherently Pro-Eurointegration
  2. ↑ Chen has made multiple tweets in support of the EU as a "potential counterbalance to US hegemony".
  3. ↑ PIGS - a derogatory term used to describe struggling southern european economies during the European debt crisis. It used to include Republic of Ireland. Basically, countries who refuse to pay their debts.

Citations

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ [2]

Navigation

pl:Eurofederalizm

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